{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "alleged-prairie", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "---\n", "title: \"Utilidad III\"\n", "description: \"Esta lección trata sobre la construcción de un circuito GHZ para 20 qubits o más, de modo que, tras la medición, la fidelidad del estado GHZ supere l 0.5 e.\"\n", "---\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "# Experimento a escala industrial III\n", "\n", "\n", " Toshinari Itoko, Tamiya Onodera, Kifumi Numata (19 de julio de 2024)\n", "\n", " [Descargue el pdf](https://ibm.ent.box.com/public/static/fw1538dogvyv0qbfqg8tan1k2fs27mfv.zip) de la conferencia original. Tenga en cuenta que algunos fragmentos de código podrían quedar obsoletos, ya que se trata de imágenes estáticas.\n", "\n", " *El tiempo aproximado de QPU para ejecutar este primer experimento es de 12 m 30 s. A continuación hay un experimento adicional que requiere aproximadamente 4 m.*\n", "\n", " (Nota: este cuaderno podría no evaluarse en el tiempo permitido en el Plan Abierto. Asegúrese de utilizar sabiamente los recursos informáticos cuánticos)\n", "\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "id": "20483d1a-6b31-4569-b817-c9faecc8823b", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "'2.0.2'" ] }, "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "import qiskit\n", "\n", "qiskit.__version__" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "id": "fa30363a", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "'0.40.1'" ] }, "execution_count": 2, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "import qiskit_ibm_runtime\n", "\n", "qiskit_ibm_runtime.__version__" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "id": "78f23522", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "import numpy as np\n", "import rustworkx as rx\n", "\n", "from qiskit import QuantumCircuit\n", "from qiskit.visualization import plot_histogram\n", "from qiskit.visualization import plot_gate_map\n", "from qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers import generate_preset_pass_manager\n", "from qiskit.providers import BackendV2\n", "from qiskit.quantum_info import SparsePauliOp\n", "\n", "from qiskit_ibm_runtime import QiskitRuntimeService\n", "from qiskit_ibm_runtime import Sampler, Estimator, Batch, SamplerOptions" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "948a9ac1-2ad3-4969-8b39-bb3d697ad6bb", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "## 1. Introducción\n", "\n", "Repasemos brevemente los estados GHZ y qué tipo de distribución cabe esperar de `Sampler` aplicada a uno de ellos. A continuación, enunciaremos explícitamente el objetivo de esta lección.\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "### 1.1 Estado GHZ\n", "\n", "El estado GHZ (estado Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger) para $n$ qubits se define como\n", "\n", "$$\n", "\\frac{1}{\\sqrt 2}(|0\\rangle ^ {\\otimes n}+ |1\\rangle^ {\\otimes n})\n", "$$\n", "\n", "Naturalmente, se puede crear para 6 qubits con el siguiente circuito cuántico.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 4, "id": "1bf914c5-e1c6-4664-99c2-69dea3961114", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 4, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "N = 6\n", "qc = QuantumCircuit(N, N)\n", "\n", "qc.h(0)\n", "for i in range(N - 1):\n", " qc.cx(0, i + 1)\n", "\n", "# qc.measure_all()\n", "qc.barrier()\n", "qc.measure(list(range(N)), list(range(N)))\n", "\n", "qc.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, scale=0.5)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 5, "id": "7b4cb915-c901-4b6d-839b-2f1ae43601d7", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Depth: 7\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(\"Depth:\", qc.depth())" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "c398d524", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "La profundidad no es demasiado grande, aunque sabes por lecciones anteriores que puedes hacerlo mejor. Elijamos un backend y transpilemos este circuito.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "108bc369", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "'ibm_kingston'" ] }, "execution_count": 7, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "service = QiskitRuntimeService()\n", "backend = service.least_busy(operational=True, simulator=False)\n", "backend.name\n", "# or\n", "# backend = service.least_busy(operational=True)\n", "# backend.name" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 8, "id": "2e003078-3707-44d9-86e8-bbc66b095e84", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 8, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "pm = generate_preset_pass_manager(3, backend=backend)\n", "qc_transpiled = pm.run(qc)\n", "qc_transpiled.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, fold=-1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 9, "id": "18d3524a-43ec-4163-8f53-8e9bf4421e06", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Depth: 27\n", "Two-qubit Depth: 11\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(\"Depth:\", qc_transpiled.depth())\n", "print(\n", " \"Two-qubit Depth:\",\n", " qc_transpiled.depth(filter_function=lambda x: x.operation.num_qubits == 2),\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "109ff71e", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "De nuevo, la profundidad transpilada de dos qubits no es demasiado grande. Pero para trabajar con un estado GHZ en más qubits, evidentemente habrá que pensar en optimizar el circuito. Ejecutémoslo usando `Sampler` y veamos qué nos devuelve un ordenador cuántico real.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 10, "id": "abd0654d-b2dc-4180-821c-6af4977a12e8", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "d147y20n2txg008jvv70\n" ] } ], "source": [ "sampler = Sampler(mode=backend)\n", "shots = 40000\n", "job = sampler.run([qc_transpiled], shots=shots)\n", "job_id = job.job_id()\n", "print(job_id)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 12, "id": "f0073d8b-1ad8-4bb7-a2d2-754ce2876ffd", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "'DONE'" ] }, "execution_count": 12, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "job.status()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 13, "id": "8ab5b37f-fb87-40a8-8e13-0c6cb3154f64", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 13, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "job = service.job(job_id)\n", "result = job.result()\n", "plot_histogram(result[0].data.c.get_counts(), figsize=(30, 5))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "9965c7c1-babd-444d-8436-2a63bcbe79af", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Este es el resultado del circuito GHZ de 6 qubits. Como se puede ver, los estados de todos los $|0\\rangle$ 's y todos los $|1\\rangle$ 's dominan, pero los errores son sustanciales. Intentemos ver hasta qué punto se puede hacer un circuito GHZ con un dispositivo Eagle, sin dejar de obtener resultados en los que los estados correctos tengan al menos más de un 50% de probabilidad.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "9942f911-bfbf-4a16-8349-05bc490885e6", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "### 1.2 Tu objetivo\n", "\n", "Construya un circuito GHZ para 20 qubits o más de modo que, al medirlo, **la fidelidad de su estado GHZ > 0.5**\n", "Nota:\n", "\n", "* Debe utilizar un dispositivo Eagle (`min_num_qubits=127`) y establecer el número de disparos en 40.000.\n", "* Debe ejecutar el circuito GHZ utilizando la función `execute_ghz_fidelity` , y calcular la fidelidad utilizando la función `check_ghz_fidelity_from_jobs` .\n", "\n", "Se trata de un ejercicio independiente, en el que se aprovecha lo aprendido hasta ahora en este curso.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "a316416f-d6c5-4183-b4ef-d6170681d8a4", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def execute_ghz_fidelity(\n", " ghz_circuit: QuantumCircuit, # Quantum circuit to create GHZ state (Circuit after Routing or without Routing), Classical register name is \"c\"\n", " physical_qubits: list[int], # Physical qubits to represent GHZ state\n", " backend: BackendV2,\n", " sampler_options: dict | SamplerOptions | None = None,\n", "):\n", " N_SHOTS = 40_000\n", " N = len(physical_qubits)\n", " base_circuit = ghz_circuit.remove_final_measurements(inplace=False)\n", " # M_k measurement circuits\n", " mk_circuits = []\n", " for k in range(1, N + 1):\n", " circuit = base_circuit.copy()\n", " # change measurement basis\n", " for q in physical_qubits:\n", " circuit.rz(-k * np.pi / N, q)\n", " circuit.h(q)\n", " mk_circuits.append(circuit)\n", "\n", " obs = SparsePauliOp.from_sparse_list(\n", " [(\"Z\" * N, physical_qubits, 1)], num_qubits=backend.num_qubits\n", " )\n", " job_ids = []\n", " pm1 = generate_preset_pass_manager(1, backend=backend)\n", " org_transpiled = pm1.run(ghz_circuit)\n", " mk_transpiled = pm1.run(mk_circuits)\n", " with Batch(backend=backend):\n", " sampler = Sampler(options=sampler_options)\n", " sampler.options.twirling.enable_measure = True\n", " job = sampler.run([org_transpiled], shots=N_SHOTS)\n", " job_ids.append(job.job_id())\n", " # print(f\"Sampler job id: {job.job_id()}, shots={N_SHOTS}\")\n", " estimator = Estimator() # TREX is applied as default\n", " estimator.options.dynamical_decoupling.enable = True\n", " estimator.options.execution.rep_delay = 0.0005\n", " estimator.options.twirling.enable_measure = True\n", " job2 = estimator.run([(circ, obs) for circ in mk_transpiled], precision=1 / 100)\n", " job_ids.append(job2.job_id())\n", " # print(\"Estimator job id:\", job2.job_id())\n", " return [job.job_id(), job2.job_id()]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 15, "id": "f86e4288-9e65-4dd5-81dd-149f1e98d217", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def check_ghz_fidelity_from_jobs(\n", " sampler_job,\n", " estimator_job,\n", " num_qubits,\n", " shots=40_000,\n", "):\n", " N = num_qubits\n", " sampler_result = sampler_job.result()\n", " counts = sampler_result[0].data.c.get_counts()\n", " all_zero = counts.get(\"0\" * N, 0) / shots\n", " all_one = counts.get(\"1\" * N, 0) / shots\n", " top3 = sorted(counts, key=counts.get, reverse=True)[:3]\n", " print(\n", " f\"N={N}: |00..0>: {counts.get('0'*N, 0)}, |11..1>: {counts.get('1'*N, 0)}, |3rd>: {counts.get(top3[2], 0)} ({top3[2]})\"\n", " )\n", " print(f\"P(|00..0>)={all_zero}, P(|11..1>)={all_one}\")\n", "\n", " estimator_result = estimator_job.result()\n", " non_diagonal = (1 / N) * sum(\n", " (-1) ** k * estimator_result[k - 1].data.evs for k in range(1, N + 1)\n", " )\n", " print(f\"REM: Coherence (non-diagonal): {non_diagonal:.6f}\")\n", " fidelity = 0.5 * (all_zero + all_one + non_diagonal)\n", " sigma = 0.5 * np.sqrt(\n", " (1 - all_zero - all_one) * (all_zero + all_one) / shots\n", " + sum(estimator_result[k].data.stds ** 2 for k in range(N)) / (N * N)\n", " )\n", " print(f\"GHZ fidelity = {fidelity:.6f} ± {sigma:.6f}\")\n", " if fidelity - 2 * sigma > 0.5:\n", " print(\"GME (genuinely multipartite entangled) test: Passed\")\n", " else:\n", " print(\"GME (genuinely multipartite entangled) test: Failed\")\n", " return {\n", " \"fidelity\": fidelity,\n", " \"sigma\": sigma,\n", " \"shots\": shots,\n", " \"job_ids\": [sampler_job.job_id(), estimator_job.job_id()],\n", " }" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ad35a576-9ae4-4d00-af4d-3af0974101e9", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "En este cuaderno, aplicaremos tres estrategias para crear buenos estados GHZ utilizando 16 qubits y 30 qubits. Estos enfoques se basan en estrategias que ya conoce de lecciones anteriores.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "371c0d79", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "## 2. Estrategia 1. Selección de qubits sensible al ruido\n", "\n", "Primero especificamos un backend. Dado que vamos a trabajar extensamente con las propiedades de un backend específico, es una buena idea especificar un backend, en lugar de utilizar la opción `least_busy` .\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 36, "id": "119bd751", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Device ibm_strasbourg Loaded with 127 qubits\n", "Two Qubit Gate: ecr\n" ] } ], "source": [ "backend = service.backend(\"ibm_strasbourg\") # eagle\n", "twoq_gate = \"ecr\"\n", "print(f\"Device {backend.name} Loaded with {backend.num_qubits} qubits\")\n", "print(f\"Two Qubit Gate: {twoq_gate}\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "997d7bc9", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Vamos a construir un circuito con muchas puertas de dos qubits. Tiene sentido que utilicemos los qubits que tienen los errores más bajos al implementar esas puertas de dos qubits. Encontrar la mejor \"cadena de qubits\" basándose en los errores notificados 2q-gate es un problema no trivial. Pero podemos definir algunas funciones que nos ayuden a determinar los mejores qubits a utilizar.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 37, "id": "7bc47055", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "coupling_map = backend.target.build_coupling_map(twoq_gate)\n", "G = coupling_map.graph" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "8615f6d8", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def to_edges(path): # create edges list from node paths\n", " edges = []\n", " prev_node = None\n", " for node in path:\n", " if prev_node is not None:\n", " if G.has_edge(prev_node, node):\n", " edges.append((prev_node, node))\n", " else:\n", " edges.append((node, prev_node))\n", " prev_node = node\n", " return edges\n", "\n", "\n", "def path_fidelity(path, correct_by_duration: bool = True, readout_scale: float = None):\n", " \"\"\"Compute an estimate of the total fidelity of 2-qubit gates on a path.\n", " If `correct_by_duration` is true, each gate fidelity is worsen by\n", " scale = max_duration / duration, that is, gate_fidelity^scale.\n", " If `readout_scale` > 0 is supplied, readout_fidelity^readout_scale\n", " for each qubit on the path is multiplied to the total fielity.\n", " The path is given in node indices form, for example, [0, 1, 2].\n", " An external function `to_edges` is used to obtain edge list, for example, [(0, 1), (1, 2)].\"\"\"\n", " path_edges = to_edges(path)\n", " max_duration = max(backend.target[twoq_gate][qs].duration for qs in path_edges)\n", "\n", " def gate_fidelity(qpair):\n", " duration = backend.target[twoq_gate][qpair].duration\n", " scale = max_duration / duration if correct_by_duration else 1.0\n", " # 1.25 = (d+1)/d with d = 4\n", " return max(0.25, 1 - (1.25 * backend.target[twoq_gate][qpair].error)) ** scale\n", "\n", " def readout_fidelity(qubit):\n", " return max(0.25, 1 - backend.target[\"measure\"][(qubit,)].error)\n", "\n", " total_fidelity = np.prod(\n", " [gate_fidelity(qs) for qs in path_edges]\n", " ) # two qubits gate fidelity for each path\n", " if readout_scale:\n", " total_fidelity *= (\n", " np.prod([readout_fidelity(q) for q in path]) ** readout_scale\n", " ) # multiply readout fidelity\n", " return total_fidelity\n", "\n", "\n", "def flatten(paths, cutoff=None): # cutoff is for not making run time too large\n", " return [\n", " path\n", " for s, s_paths in paths.items()\n", " for t, st_paths in s_paths.items()\n", " for path in st_paths[:cutoff]\n", " if s < t\n", " ]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 39, "id": "be1971a0", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "N = 16 # Number of qubits to use in the GHZ circuit\n", "num_qubits_in_chain = N" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "d95a798a-90cc-42d8-9461-ab5bd5440aef", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Utilizaremos las funciones anteriores para encontrar todos los caminos simples de N qubits entre todos los pares de nodos del grafo (Referencia: [all\\_pairs\\_all\\_simple\\_paths](https://www.rustworkx.org/apiref/rustworkx.all_pairs_all_simple_paths.html#rustworkx-all-pairs-all-simple-paths) ).\n", "\n", "A continuación, utilizando la función `path_fidelity` creada anteriormente, encontraremos la mejor cadena de qubits que tenga la mayor fidelidad de camino.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 40, "id": "e0b410e7", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Selecting the best from 6046 candidate paths\n", "Predicted (best possible) process fidelity: 0.8929026784775056\n", "CPU times: user 284 ms, sys: 10.9 ms, total: 295 ms\n", "Wall time: 295 ms\n" ] } ], "source": [ "from functools import partial\n", "\n", "%%time\n", "paths = rx.all_pairs_all_simple_paths(\n", " G.to_undirected(multigraph=False),\n", " min_depth=num_qubits_in_chain,\n", " cutoff=num_qubits_in_chain,\n", ")\n", "paths = flatten(paths, cutoff=25) # If you have time, you could set a larger cutoff.\n", "if not paths:\n", " raise Exception(\n", " f\"No qubit chain with length={num_qubits_in_chain} exists in {backend.name}. Try smaller num_qubits_in_chain.\"\n", " )\n", "\n", "print(f\"Selecting the best from {len(paths)} candidate paths\")\n", "\n", "best_qubit_chain = max(\n", " paths, key=partial(path_fidelity, correct_by_duration=True, readout_scale=1.0)\n", ")\n", "assert len(best_qubit_chain) == num_qubits_in_chain\n", "print(f\"Predicted (best possible) process fidelity: {path_fidelity(best_qubit_chain)}\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 41, "id": "efc3c14d", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "array([55, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 54, 64, 65, 66, 73, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89],\n", " dtype=uint64)" ] }, "execution_count": 41, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "np.array(best_qubit_chain)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "9d364986-c387-4d0d-874c-9a7f10634394", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Tracemos la mejor cadena de qubits, mostrada en rosa, en el diagrama del mapa de acoplamiento.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 42, "id": "a1c164a4", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 42, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "qubit_color = []\n", "for i in range(133):\n", " if i in best_qubit_chain:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#ff00dd\") # pink\n", " else:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#8c00ff\") # purple\n", "plot_gate_map(\n", " backend, qubit_color=qubit_color, qubit_size=50, font_size=25, figsize=(6, 6)\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "4e66abc7", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "### 2.1 Construye un circuito GHZ en la mejor cadena de qubits\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "273f469d-3273-40ee-922d-4ad43e1d53ad", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Elegimos un qubit en medio de la cadena para aplicarle primero la puerta H. Esto debería reducir la profundidad del circuito aproximadamente a la mitad.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 43, "id": "1336fba0", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 43, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ghz1 = QuantumCircuit(max(best_qubit_chain) + 1, N)\n", "ghz1.h(best_qubit_chain[N // 2])\n", "for i in range(N // 2, 0, -1):\n", " ghz1.cx(best_qubit_chain[i], best_qubit_chain[i - 1])\n", "for i in range(N // 2, N - 1, +1):\n", " ghz1.cx(best_qubit_chain[i], best_qubit_chain[i + 1])\n", "ghz1.barrier() # for visualization\n", "ghz1.measure(best_qubit_chain, list(range(N)))\n", "ghz1.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, scale=0.5, fold=-1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 44, "id": "facf25d3-add9-42e2-aeba-506b24a8e516", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "10" ] }, "execution_count": 44, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ghz1.depth()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 45, "id": "71874b6d-eb9b-4ff5-b673-944191f67010", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 45, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "pm = generate_preset_pass_manager(1, backend=backend)\n", "ghz1_transpiled = pm.run(ghz1)\n", "ghz1_transpiled.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, fold=-1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 46, "id": "9e1609a4-2b1c-43dc-99e0-ed62dbeb89fb", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Depth: 27\n", "Two-qubit Depth: 8\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(\"Depth:\", ghz1_transpiled.depth())\n", "print(\n", " \"Two-qubit Depth:\",\n", " ghz1_transpiled.depth(filter_function=lambda x: x.operation.num_qubits == 2),\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 47, "id": "5a3ad726-e6fb-4de5-a674-f7373845c917", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "opts = SamplerOptions()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "0178e4f4-cc5f-44f9-97b7-7393765e53f1", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "res = execute_ghz_fidelity(\n", " ghz_circuit=ghz1,\n", " physical_qubits=best_qubit_chain,\n", " backend=backend,\n", " sampler_options=opts,\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 55, "id": "d6368f70-1fb7-45ad-bd90-f3ca1b1795dc", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "DONE DONE\n" ] } ], "source": [ "job_s = service.job(res[0]) # Use your job id showed above.\n", "job_e = service.job(res[1])\n", "print(job_s.status(), job_e.status())" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "cfebc599-d70d-4f1d-95b2-4c2ec60b1ee5", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Tenga cuidado de ejecutar la siguiente celda después de que los estados de los trabajos anteriores se hayan convertido en 'DONE', para mostrar el resultado utilizando la función `check_ghz_fidelity_from_jobs` .\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 56, "id": "7029c582-6b41-4df5-b175-e098e0ee2e74", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "N=16: |00..0>: 153, |11..1>: 8681, |3rd>: 2262 (1111111111101111)\n", "P(|00..0>)=0.003825, P(|11..1>)=0.217025\n", "REM: Coherence (non-diagonal): 0.073809\n", "GHZ fidelity = 0.147329 ± 0.002438\n", "GME (genuinely multipartite entangled) test: Failed\n" ] } ], "source": [ "N = 16\n", "# Check fidelity from job IDs\n", "res = check_ghz_fidelity_from_jobs(\n", " sampler_job=job_s,\n", " estimator_job=job_e,\n", " num_qubits=N,\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 57, "id": "236126cb", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 57, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "result = job_s.result()\n", "plot_histogram(result[0].data.c.get_counts(), figsize=(30, 5))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "3af2c82d-183e-4df0-be45-17fd32ea6c2e", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Este resultado no cumple los criterios. Pasemos a la siguiente idea.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ce16e4cb", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "## 3. Estrategia 2. Árbol equilibrado de qubits\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "45d96784", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "La siguiente idea es encontrar un árbol equilibrado de qubits. Utilizando el árbol en lugar de la cadena, la profundidad del circuito debería ser menor. Antes de eso, eliminamos los nodos con \"malos\" errores de lectura y los bordes con \"malos\" errores de puerta del gráfico de acoplamiento.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 58, "id": "632768ac", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Bad readout qubits: [19, 28, 41, 72, 91, 114, 120]\n", "Bad ECR gates: []\n" ] } ], "source": [ "BAD_READOUT_ERROR_THRESHOLD = 0.1\n", "BAD_ECRGATE_ERROR_THRESHOLD = 0.1\n", "bad_readout_qubits = [\n", " q\n", " for q in range(backend.num_qubits)\n", " if backend.target[\"measure\"][(q,)].error > BAD_READOUT_ERROR_THRESHOLD\n", "]\n", "bad_ecrgate_edges = [\n", " qpair\n", " for qpair in backend.target[\"ecr\"]\n", " if backend.target[\"ecr\"][qpair].error > BAD_ECRGATE_ERROR_THRESHOLD\n", "]\n", "print(\"Bad readout qubits:\", bad_readout_qubits)\n", "print(\"Bad ECR gates:\", bad_ecrgate_edges)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 59, "id": "6775ea6b", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "g = backend.coupling_map.graph.copy().to_undirected()\n", "g.remove_edges_from(\n", " bad_ecrgate_edges\n", ") # remove edge first (otherwise might fail with a NoEdgeBetweenNodes error)\n", "g.remove_nodes_from(bad_readout_qubits)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "2247eb6b-a909-4fa1-91f4-40dfdf5f8d77", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Dibujemos el gráfico del mapa de acoplamiento sin las aristas malas y los qubits malos.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 60, "id": "18825a87-4679-4027-af58-31efd24a9a60", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 60, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "qubit_color = []\n", "for i in range(133):\n", " if i in bad_readout_qubits:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#000000\") # black\n", " else:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#8c00ff\") # purple\n", "line_color = []\n", "for e in backend.target.build_coupling_map().get_edges():\n", " if e in bad_ecrgate_edges:\n", " line_color.append(\"#ffffff\") # white\n", " else:\n", " line_color.append(\"#888888\") # gray\n", "plot_gate_map(\n", " backend,\n", " qubit_color=qubit_color,\n", " line_color=line_color,\n", " qubit_size=50,\n", " font_size=25,\n", " figsize=(6, 6),\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "5245dbee-e0fa-485d-a0fc-ce72b2739ccd", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Intentamos crear un estado GHZ de 16 qubits como antes.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 61, "id": "1affd16e", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "N = 16" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "b0648130-ab85-477e-b754-94a3e28e2134", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Llamamos a la función `betweenness_centrality` para encontrar un qubit para el nodo raíz. El nodo con el valor más alto de centralidad entre los nodos se encuentra en el centro del gráfico. Referencia: [https://www.rustworkx.org/tutorial/betweenness\\_centrality.html](https://www.rustworkx.org/tutorial/betweenness_centrality.html)\n", "\n", "O puede seleccionarlo manualmente.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 62, "id": "07ad8ee3-46f9-4c7b-ad96-5aaa45407999", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "66" ] }, "execution_count": 62, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# central = 65 #Select the center node manually\n", "c_degree = dict(rx.betweenness_centrality(g))\n", "central = max(c_degree, key=c_degree.get)\n", "central" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "5033164f-652a-4b72-a6f8-5fe52383e3f3", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Empezando por el nodo raíz, genere un árbol mediante la búsqueda por amplitud (BFS). Referencia: [https://qiskit.org/ecosystem/rustworkx/apiref/rustworkx.bfs\\_search.html #rustworkx-bfs-search](https://qiskit.org/ecosystem/rustworkx/apiref/rustworkx.bfs_search.html#rustworkx-bfs-search)\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 63, "id": "9137e5c8", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "class TreeEdgesRecorder(rx.visit.BFSVisitor):\n", " def __init__(self, N):\n", " self.edges = []\n", " self.N = N\n", "\n", " def tree_edge(self, edge):\n", " self.edges.append(edge)\n", " if len(self.edges) >= self.N - 1:\n", " raise rx.visit.StopSearch()\n", "\n", "\n", "vis = TreeEdgesRecorder(N)\n", "rx.bfs_search(g, [central], vis)\n", "best_qubits = sorted(list(set(q for e in vis.edges for q in (e[0], e[1]))))\n", "# print('Tree edges:', vis.edges)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 64, "id": "69c447dc", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Qubits selected: [54, 55, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(\"Qubits selected:\", best_qubits)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ea5f9be4-fb66-4231-a9df-b49a510cceb9", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Tracemos los qubits seleccionados, mostrados en rosa, en el diagrama del mapa de acoplamiento.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 65, "id": "ef18e037-a3ec-4370-bee7-bd71dbc12795", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 65, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "qubit_color = []\n", "for i in range(133):\n", " if i in bad_readout_qubits:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#000000\") # black\n", " elif i in best_qubits:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#ff00dd\") # pink\n", " else:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#8c00ff\") # purple\n", "plot_gate_map(\n", " backend,\n", " qubit_color=qubit_color,\n", " line_color=line_color,\n", " qubit_size=50,\n", " font_size=25,\n", " figsize=(6, 6),\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "c766256c-a9b8-41c1-ad23-1862f1e36b38", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Mostramos la estructura de árbol de los qubits.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 66, "id": "8758d3a6", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 66, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "from rustworkx.visualization import graphviz_draw\n", "\n", "tree = rx.PyDiGraph()\n", "tree.extend_from_weighted_edge_list(vis.edges)\n", "tree.remove_nodes_from([n for n in range(max(best_qubits) + 1) if n not in best_qubits])\n", "\n", "graphviz_draw(tree, method=\"dot\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 67, "id": "3bc4b071", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 67, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ghz2 = QuantumCircuit(max(best_qubits) + 1, N)\n", "\n", "ghz2.h(tree.edge_list()[0][0]) # apply H-gate to the root node\n", "# Apply CNOT from the root node to the each edge.\n", "for u, v in tree.edge_list():\n", " ghz2.cx(u, v)\n", "ghz2.barrier() # for visualization\n", "ghz2.measure(best_qubits, list(range(N)))\n", "ghz2.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, scale=0.5)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 68, "id": "fd2978ee-b359-464e-bf7f-eed4a65b1203", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "8" ] }, "execution_count": 68, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ghz2.depth()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 69, "id": "c490e37a-309a-43e3-9b18-3be7c7d8a957", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 69, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "pm = generate_preset_pass_manager(1, backend=backend)\n", "ghz2_transpiled = pm.run(ghz2)\n", "ghz2_transpiled.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, fold=-1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 70, "id": "376dfe4e-53c9-4eb5-988e-2bc7674ddcad", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Depth: 22\n", "Two-qubit Depth: 6\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(\"Depth:\", ghz2_transpiled.depth())\n", "print(\n", " \"Two-qubit Depth:\",\n", " ghz2_transpiled.depth(filter_function=lambda x: x.operation.num_qubits == 2),\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "f5681336-b72d-4ec9-a60e-2101fa42d87e", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "La profundidad del circuito es ahora muy inferior a la de la estructura en cadena.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "c56889ab-b8cd-4a7e-90f0-8a05d12e9f3f", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "res = execute_ghz_fidelity(\n", " ghz_circuit=ghz2,\n", " physical_qubits=best_qubits,\n", " backend=backend,\n", " sampler_options=opts,\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 74, "id": "daf011fe-853c-4e55-89ff-eeab38cb0de4", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "DONE DONE\n" ] } ], "source": [ "job_s = service.job(res[0]) # Use your job id showed above.\n", "job_e = service.job(res[1])\n", "print(job_s.status(), job_e.status())" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 75, "id": "51aee0d4-c896-4d2b-843a-3c58ee7572bb", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "N=16: |00..0>: 9509, |11..1>: 10978, |3rd>: 1795 (1111110111111111)\n", "P(|00..0>)=0.237725, P(|11..1>)=0.27445\n", "REM: Coherence (non-diagonal): 0.606515\n", "GHZ fidelity = 0.559345 ± 0.003188\n", "GME (genuinely multipartite entangled) test: Passed\n" ] } ], "source": [ "N = 16\n", "# Check fidelity from job IDs\n", "res = check_ghz_fidelity_from_jobs(\n", " sampler_job=job_s,\n", " estimator_job=job_e,\n", " num_qubits=N,\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "7fe25d70-36e3-4442-b150-21ea47143050", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "¡Hemos superado con éxito los criterios con la estructura de árbol equilibrada!\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 76, "id": "cf8b4dac", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 76, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "result = job_s.result()\n", "plot_histogram(result[0].data.c.get_counts(), figsize=(30, 5))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "40bc77d5-be60-4360-9750-31d0f1459ab0", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Ahora, intentemos crear un estado GHZ mayor: un estado GHZ de 30 qubits.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "816914ce-52dd-4df5-9943-0acc606240c3", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "### 3.1 N = 30\n", "\n", "Seguiremos el marco de [patrones Qiskit](/docs/guides/intro-to-patterns).\n", "\n", "* Paso 1: Asignar el problema a circuitos y operadores cuánticos\n", "* Paso 2: Optimización para el hardware de destino\n", "* Paso 3: Ejecutar en el hardware de destino\n", "* Paso 4: Tratamiento posterior de los resultados\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "20e6b416-eee7-4728-9fef-0de34b5ecbac", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "#### Paso 1: Asignar el problema a circuitos y operadores cuánticos y Paso 2: Optimizar para el hardware de destino\n", "\n", "Aquí seleccionamos el nodo raíz manualmente.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 77, "id": "5fff1f72-062f-4c3c-84b9-87e3af368f31", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "central = 62 # Select the center node manually\n", "# c_degree = dict(rx.betweenness_centrality(g))\n", "# central = max(c_degree, key=c_degree.get)\n", "# central" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 78, "id": "693e80bb-e967-41be-bd82-85e4346fd6aa", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Qubits selected: [34, 35, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 73, 77, 84, 85, 86]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "N = 30\n", "\n", "vis = TreeEdgesRecorder(N)\n", "rx.bfs_search(g, [central], vis)\n", "best_qubits = sorted(list(set(q for e in vis.edges for q in (e[0], e[1]))))\n", "print(\"Qubits selected:\", best_qubits)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 79, "id": "12d3ac00-7dfc-4734-9881-4e6385f2d880", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 79, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "qubit_color = []\n", "for i in range(133):\n", " if i in bad_readout_qubits:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#000000\")\n", " elif i in best_qubits:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#ff00dd\")\n", " else:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#8c00ff\")\n", "line_color = []\n", "for e in backend.target.build_coupling_map().get_edges():\n", " if e in bad_ecrgate_edges:\n", " line_color.append(\"#ffffff\")\n", " else:\n", " line_color.append(\"#888888\")\n", "plot_gate_map(\n", " backend,\n", " qubit_color=qubit_color,\n", " line_color=line_color,\n", " qubit_size=50,\n", " font_size=25,\n", " figsize=(6, 6),\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 80, "id": "6afd6c54-b427-4f34-8c4c-285c0122aebd", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 80, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "from rustworkx.visualization import graphviz_draw\n", "\n", "tree = rx.PyDiGraph()\n", "tree.extend_from_weighted_edge_list(vis.edges)\n", "tree.remove_nodes_from([n for n in range(max(best_qubits) + 1) if n not in best_qubits])\n", "\n", "graphviz_draw(tree, method=\"dot\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "70b0b915-478e-4d65-9840-fb3db3e0fd0e", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "La profundidad de este árbol es de 5.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 81, "id": "d36cdb58-59fe-474e-9a31-a2d9e806ab59", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 81, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ghz3 = QuantumCircuit(max(best_qubits) + 1, N)\n", "\n", "ghz3.h(tree.edge_list()[0][0]) # apply H-gate to the root node\n", "# Apply CNOT from the root node to the each edge.\n", "for u, v in tree.edge_list():\n", " ghz3.cx(u, v)\n", "ghz3.barrier() # for visualization\n", "ghz3.measure(best_qubits, list(range(N)))\n", "ghz3.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, fold=-1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 82, "id": "1b1dfb32-bcbf-4107-80df-4b36c166b88b", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "11" ] }, "execution_count": 82, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ghz3.depth()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 83, "id": "46df385d-dd28-4fab-8344-6ef2fd53906d", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 83, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "pm = generate_preset_pass_manager(1, backend=backend)\n", "ghz3_transpiled = pm.run(ghz3)\n", "ghz3_transpiled.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, fold=-1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 84, "id": "74af05ba-132e-480d-ac5d-7b3bb4f4f0e4", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Depth: 31\n", "Two-qubit Depth: 9\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(\"Depth:\", ghz3_transpiled.depth())\n", "print(\n", " \"Two-qubit Depth:\",\n", " ghz3_transpiled.depth(filter_function=lambda x: x.operation.num_qubits == 2),\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "fb74efcc-9db1-49b0-9f53-f5de236c6f29", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "### 3.2 Selecciona manualmente un nodo raíz diferente\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 85, "id": "fb72a71a-8176-4b62-ac51-5a75469f0256", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Qubits selected: [23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 73, 84, 85, 86]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "central = 54\n", "\n", "vis = TreeEdgesRecorder(N)\n", "rx.bfs_search(g, [central], vis)\n", "best_qubits = sorted(list(set(q for e in vis.edges for q in (e[0], e[1]))))\n", "print(\"Qubits selected:\", best_qubits)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 86, "id": "5e2e2af5-34b5-4bb5-b393-18e87d56db08", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 86, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "from rustworkx.visualization import graphviz_draw\n", "\n", "tree = rx.PyDiGraph()\n", "tree.extend_from_weighted_edge_list(vis.edges)\n", "tree.remove_nodes_from([n for n in range(max(best_qubits) + 1) if n not in best_qubits])\n", "\n", "graphviz_draw(tree, method=\"dot\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "0c481352-267a-4a34-85aa-32149bc4674a", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "La profundidad de este árbol es de 6.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 87, "id": "5d81d890-a939-455f-81a6-c7e671671ba5", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 87, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ghz3 = QuantumCircuit(max(best_qubits) + 1, N)\n", "\n", "ghz3.h(tree.edge_list()[0][0]) # apply H-gate to the root node\n", "# Apply CNOT from the root node to the each edge.\n", "for u, v in tree.edge_list():\n", " ghz3.cx(u, v)\n", "ghz3.barrier() # for visualization\n", "ghz3.measure(best_qubits, list(range(N)))\n", "ghz3.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, fold=-1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 88, "id": "b3ae6f53-c321-4a31-b4c7-8dea94267503", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "11" ] }, "execution_count": 88, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ghz3.depth()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 89, "id": "b9823b6d-a658-40ef-a509-f03e33534af6", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 89, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "pm = generate_preset_pass_manager(1, backend=backend)\n", "ghz3_transpiled = pm.run(ghz3)\n", "ghz3_transpiled.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, fold=-1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 90, "id": "57a59793-c96b-4286-9ffc-76a3861f454c", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Depth: 30\n", "Two-qubit Depth: 9\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(\"Depth:\", ghz3_transpiled.depth())\n", "print(\n", " \"Two-qubit Depth:\",\n", " ghz3_transpiled.depth(filter_function=lambda x: x.operation.num_qubits == 2),\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "1b80ecf5-2bc0-4fc4-835e-e4cf40bcf9d9", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Sorprendentemente, mientras que la profundidad del árbol aumentó de 5 a 6, la profundidad de los dos qubits se redujo de 9 a 8 Utilicemos, pues, este último circuito.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "7046ce9c-cce8-4fca-9875-f9ef78ccc488", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "#### Paso 3: Ejecutar en el hardware de destino\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "4ca22249-5efa-4ea1-a88e-f89d3235260b", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "res = execute_ghz_fidelity(\n", " ghz_circuit=ghz3,\n", " physical_qubits=best_qubits,\n", " backend=backend,\n", " sampler_options=opts,\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 95, "id": "bfbabf7e-421c-4ccd-8dfd-ec8cf5c14ebc", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "DONE DONE\n" ] } ], "source": [ "job_s = service.job(res[0]) # Use your job id showed above.\n", "job_e = service.job(res[1])\n", "print(job_s.status(), job_e.status())" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "7615f4df-9efe-435a-9521-356041db7b8f", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "#### Paso 4: Procesamiento posterior de los resultados\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 96, "id": "670788ad-a209-4d0d-9b6d-9961b8d06900", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "N=30: |00..0>: 4, |11..1>: 218, |3rd>: 265 (111111111111111011111111111111)\n", "P(|00..0>)=0.0001, P(|11..1>)=0.00545\n", "REM: Coherence (non-diagonal): 0.187073\n", "GHZ fidelity = 0.096312 ± 0.003254\n", "GME (genuinely multipartite entangled) test: Failed\n" ] } ], "source": [ "N = 30\n", "# Check fidelity from job IDs\n", "res = check_ghz_fidelity_from_jobs(\n", " sampler_job=job_s,\n", " estimator_job=job_e,\n", " num_qubits=N,\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "6eb15797-36a9-4844-b7ec-14a607f6a784", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Como puede ver, este resultado no cumple los criterios.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 97, "id": "66c87870", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 97, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# It will take some time\n", "result = job_s.result()\n", "plot_histogram(result[0].data.c.get_counts(), figsize=(30, 5))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "43a2f073-b19c-46b4-a7b4-40d2c705c3b7", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "## 4. Estrategia 3. Ejecutar con las opciones de supresión de errores\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "2c40dc0f-93a0-4fae-980f-b7c5ab449a40", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Puedes configurar las opciones de supresión de errores en Sampler, en « V2 ». Consulte la guía [de gestión del ruido del muestreador](/docs/guides/sampler-noise-management) y la referencia [`ExecutionOptionsV2`](/docs/api/qiskit-ibm-runtime/options-execution-options-v2) de la API para obtener más información.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 98, "id": "04f91676-6218-4875-bc44-5281b83a0718", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "opts = SamplerOptions()\n", "opts.dynamical_decoupling.enable = True\n", "opts.execution.rep_delay = 0.0005\n", "opts.twirling.enable_gates = True" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "8e630f61-ae43-46ee-85d6-daf0cd89f94d", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "res = execute_ghz_fidelity(\n", " ghz_circuit=ghz3,\n", " physical_qubits=best_qubits,\n", " backend=backend,\n", " sampler_options=opts,\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 105, "id": "42b659d3-e003-45d4-b460-8a3db6995e34", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "DONE DONE\n" ] } ], "source": [ "job_s = service.job(res[0]) # Use your job id showed above.\n", "job_e = service.job(res[1])\n", "print(job_s.status(), job_e.status())" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 106, "id": "bf3cc6a7-4d02-4f90-a411-57fc2eac0513", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "N = 30" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 107, "id": "1faa3e59-386e-47e3-ae96-101ecb3c08df", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "N=30: |00..0>: 1459, |11..1>: 1543, |3rd>: 359 (111111111111111111111111111110)\n", "P(|00..0>)=0.036475, P(|11..1>)=0.038575\n", "REM: Coherence (non-diagonal): 0.165532\n", "GHZ fidelity = 0.120291 ± 0.003369\n", "GME (genuinely multipartite entangled) test: Failed\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# Check fidelity from job IDs\n", "res = check_ghz_fidelity_from_jobs(\n", " sampler_job=job_s,\n", " estimator_job=job_e,\n", " num_qubits=N,\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 108, "id": "166856be-ad3a-40d6-837c-3eedda374891", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 108, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# It will take some time\n", "result = job_s.result()\n", "plot_histogram(result[0].data.c.get_counts(), figsize=(30, 5))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "c8547268-3604-4fe9-b52c-f48f0d036647", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "El resultado ha mejorado, pero sigue sin cumplir los criterios.\n", "\n", "Hasta ahora hemos visto tres ideas. Puedes combinar y ampliar estas ideas o aportar las tuyas propias para crear un circuito GHZ mejor. Repasemos de nuevo el objetivo.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "70b460c8", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "## 5. Tu objetivo (resumen)\n", "\n", "Construye un circuito GHZ para 20 qubits o más de forma que el resultado de la medición cumpla los criterios: La fidelidad de su estado GHZ > 0.5.\n", "\n", "* Debe utilizar un dispositivo Eagle (como `ibm_brisbane`) y establecer el número de disparos en 40.000.\n", "* Debe ejecutar el circuito GHZ utilizando la función `execute_ghz_fidelity` , y calcular la fidelidad utilizando la función `check_ghz_fidelity_from_jobs` .\n", " Tienes que encontrar el mayor circuito de qubits - GHZ que cumpla los criterios. Escribe tu código a continuación, muestra el resultado con la función `check_ghz_fidelity_from_jobs` .\n", "\n", "Ahora implementamos el mismo flujo de trabajo GHZ que en el material anterior, pero en un dispositivo Heron. Esto le dará cierta experiencia con la disposición y las características de los procesadores Heron. No se introducen nuevas estrategias.\n", "\n", "*El tiempo QPU aproximado para ejecutar este siguiente experimento es de 4 m 40 s.*\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "2db80d2a-1c87-4d94-a2d5-17db3fddbb96", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Device ibm_kingston Loaded with 156 qubits\n", "Two Qubit Gate: cz\n" ] } ], "source": [ "service = QiskitRuntimeService()\n", "backend = service.backend(\"ibm_kingston\")\n", "# backend = service.backend(\"ibm_fez\")\n", "\n", "twoq_gate = \"cz\"\n", "print(f\"Device {backend.name} Loaded with {backend.num_qubits} qubits\")\n", "print(f\"Two Qubit Gate: {twoq_gate}\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 141, "id": "5490bc61-0f0d-411b-b9bc-53d68ff2f877", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Bad readout qubits: [112, 113, 120, 131, 146]\n", "Bad CZ gates: [(111, 112), (112, 111), (112, 113), (113, 112), (120, 121), (121, 120), (130, 131), (131, 130), (145, 146), (146, 145), (146, 147), (147, 146)]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "BAD_READOUT_ERROR_THRESHOLD = 0.1\n", "BAD_CZGATE_ERROR_THRESHOLD = 0.1\n", "bad_readout_qubits = [\n", " q\n", " for q in range(backend.num_qubits)\n", " if backend.target[\"measure\"][(q,)].error > BAD_READOUT_ERROR_THRESHOLD\n", "]\n", "bad_czgate_edges = [\n", " qpair\n", " for qpair in backend.target[\"cz\"]\n", " if backend.target[\"cz\"][qpair].error > BAD_CZGATE_ERROR_THRESHOLD\n", "]\n", "print(\"Bad readout qubits:\", bad_readout_qubits)\n", "print(\"Bad CZ gates:\", bad_czgate_edges)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 142, "id": "71df32ed-4b7c-4a7a-8fcf-bd508478b6ad", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "g = backend.coupling_map.graph.copy().to_undirected()\n", "g.remove_edges_from(\n", " bad_czgate_edges\n", ") # remove edge first (otherwise might fail with a NoEdgeBetweenNodes error)\n", "g.remove_nodes_from(bad_readout_qubits)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 145, "id": "e4336cf4-95e6-41a2-b24c-74d1cec53c36", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 145, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "qubit_color = []\n", "for i in range(backend.num_qubits):\n", " if i in bad_readout_qubits:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#000000\") # black\n", " else:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#8c00ff\") # purple\n", "line_color = []\n", "for e in backend.target.build_coupling_map().get_edges():\n", " if e in bad_czgate_edges:\n", " line_color.append(\"#ffffff\") # white\n", " else:\n", " line_color.append(\"#888888\") # gray\n", "plot_gate_map(\n", " backend,\n", " qubit_color=qubit_color,\n", " line_color=line_color,\n", " qubit_size=60,\n", " font_size=30,\n", " figsize=(10, 10),\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 146, "id": "5afaf902-a59f-4ae9-b4fb-95b9d861676e", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "N = 40\n", "central = 100 # Select the center node manually\n", "# c_degree = dict(rx.betweenness_centrality(g))\n", "# central = max(c_degree, key=c_degree.get)\n", "# central" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 147, "id": "24bf4ea2-dd6f-442e-a989-5c8b29e93847", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Qubits selected: [61, 65, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 96, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 116, 117, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 136, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "class TreeEdgesRecorder(rx.visit.BFSVisitor):\n", " def __init__(self, N):\n", " self.edges = []\n", " self.N = N\n", "\n", " def tree_edge(self, edge):\n", " self.edges.append(edge)\n", " if len(self.edges) >= self.N - 1:\n", " raise rx.visit.StopSearch()\n", "\n", "\n", "vis = TreeEdgesRecorder(N)\n", "rx.bfs_search(g, [central], vis)\n", "best_qubits = sorted(list(set(q for e in vis.edges for q in (e[0], e[1]))))\n", "print(\"Qubits selected:\", best_qubits)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 149, "id": "e684af6c-aa99-460d-b0f5-9d5042fb80b0", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 149, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "qubit_color = []\n", "for i in range(backend.num_qubits):\n", " if i in bad_readout_qubits:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#000000\")\n", " elif i in best_qubits:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#ff00dd\")\n", " else:\n", " qubit_color.append(\"#8c00ff\")\n", "line_color = []\n", "for e in backend.target.build_coupling_map().get_edges():\n", " if e in bad_czgate_edges:\n", " line_color.append(\"#ffffff\")\n", " else:\n", " line_color.append(\"#888888\")\n", "plot_gate_map(\n", " backend,\n", " qubit_color=qubit_color,\n", " line_color=line_color,\n", " qubit_size=60,\n", " font_size=30,\n", " figsize=(10, 10),\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 150, "id": "f3ff2dd9-a304-409c-a0e4-3b23e85f282e", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 150, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "from rustworkx.visualization import graphviz_draw\n", "\n", "tree = rx.PyDiGraph()\n", "tree.extend_from_weighted_edge_list(vis.edges)\n", "tree.remove_nodes_from([n for n in range(max(best_qubits) + 1) if n not in best_qubits])\n", "\n", "graphviz_draw(tree, method=\"dot\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 151, "id": "60b6526c-55ed-4621-b91b-4ceeef34de62", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 151, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ghz_h = QuantumCircuit(max(best_qubits) + 1, N)\n", "\n", "ghz_h.h(tree.edge_list()[0][0]) # apply H-gate to the root node\n", "# Apply CNOT from the root node to the each edge.\n", "for u, v in tree.edge_list():\n", " ghz_h.cx(u, v)\n", "ghz_h.barrier() # for visualization\n", "ghz_h.measure(best_qubits, list(range(N)))\n", "ghz_h.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, fold=-1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 152, "id": "1365cbef-f587-4a34-9d68-5f1d9afc0f43", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "15" ] }, "execution_count": 152, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "ghz_h.depth()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 153, "id": "b96e6342-e08b-4728-8985-7a015ee16797", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 153, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "pm = generate_preset_pass_manager(1, backend=backend)\n", "ghz_h_transpiled = pm.run(ghz_h)\n", "ghz_h_transpiled.draw(output=\"mpl\", idle_wires=False, fold=-1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 154, "id": "614a2f14-aff8-4942-8709-9a40c5e041d9", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Depth: 45\n", "Two-qubit Depth: 13\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(\"Depth:\", ghz_h_transpiled.depth())\n", "print(\n", " \"Two-qubit Depth:\",\n", " ghz_h_transpiled.depth(filter_function=lambda x: x.operation.num_qubits == 2),\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 155, "id": "da2e2f98-b79b-42bd-8fbd-3ccb824c6729", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "opts = SamplerOptions()\n", "opts.dynamical_decoupling.enable = True\n", "opts.execution.rep_delay = 0.0005\n", "opts.twirling.enable_gates = True" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "0d659b1b-fe1a-4e42-ac8c-08b05514590b", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "res = execute_ghz_fidelity(\n", " ghz_circuit=ghz_h,\n", " physical_qubits=best_qubits,\n", " backend=backend,\n", " sampler_options=opts,\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 174, "id": "0162d22f-899c-4fed-86b8-dbb45673c2c0", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "RUNNING RUNNING\n" ] } ], "source": [ "job_s = service.job(res[0]) # Use your job id showed above.\n", "job_e = service.job(res[1])\n", "print(job_s.status(), job_e.status())" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 170, "id": "c6d1bad8-381c-4ba9-be2f-b1575741af53", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "N=40: |00..0>: 3186, |11..1>: 3277, |3rd>: 620 (1111111011111111111111111111111111111111)\n", "P(|00..0>)=0.07965, P(|11..1>)=0.081925\n", "REM: Coherence (non-diagonal): 0.029987\n", "GHZ fidelity = 0.095781 ± 0.002619\n", "GME (genuinely multipartite entangled) test: Failed\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# Check fidelity from job IDs\n", "N = 40\n", "res = check_ghz_fidelity_from_jobs(\n", " sampler_job=job_s,\n", " estimator_job=job_e,\n", " num_qubits=N,\n", ")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 171, "id": "671f57ea-7117-4d17-998f-73baa6f4463e", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"Output" ] }, "execution_count": 171, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# It will take some time\n", "result = job_s.result()\n", "plot_histogram(result[0].data.c.get_counts(), figsize=(30, 5))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "c817f572-1c67-4ed8-b466-ecdf5c41d88b", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Enhorabuena. Ha completado su introducción a la computación cuántica a escala comercial Ahora está preparado para contribuir de forma significativa a la búsqueda de la ventaja cuántica Gracias por hacer de IBM Quantum® parte de su viaje cuántico personal.\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "1ddd145f", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "\n", "## Encuesta posterior al curso\n", "\n", "Enhorabuena por completar este curso Por favor, tómese un momento para ayudarnos a mejorar nuestro curso rellenando la siguiente [encuesta rápida](https://your.feedback.ibm.com/jfe/form/SV_5vvmdT5yFFetkgK). Sus comentarios se utilizarán para mejorar nuestra oferta de contenidos y la experiencia del usuario. ¡Gracias!\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "id": "a1b8767d", "source": "© IBM Corp., 2017-2026" } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3" }, "widgets": { "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-state+json": { "state": {}, "version_major": 2, "version_minor": 0 } } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 5 }