QESEM: Qedma의 Qiskit 함수

import qiskit
from qiskit_ibm_catalog import QiskitFunctionsCatalog

catalog = QiskitFunctionsCatalog(channel="ibm_quantum_platform")

# verify that you have access to the function
catalog.list()

# load the function
qesem_function = catalog.load("qedma/qesem")

backend_name = "fake_fez"

circ = qiskit.QuantumCircuit(5)
circ.cx(0, 1)
circ.cx(2, 3)
circ.cx(1, 2)
circ.cx(3, 4)

avg_magnetization = qiskit.quantum_info.SparsePauliOp.from_sparse_list(
    [("Z", [q], 1 / 5) for q in range(5)], num_qubits=5
)
other_observable = qiskit.quantum_info.SparsePauliOp.from_sparse_list(
    [("ZZ", [0, 1], 1.0), ("XZ", [1, 4], 0.5)], num_qubits=5
)

time_estimation_job = qesem_function.run(
    pubs=[(circ, [avg_magnetization, other_observable])],
    options={
        "estimate_time_only": "empirical",
    },
    backend_name=backend_name,  # example: "fake_fez", "ibm_fez"
)

time_estimate_result = (
    time_estimation_job.result()
)  # a list of results per pub (circuit)

pub_result = time_estimate_result[0]

print(
    f"The estimated QPU time for mitigation for this PUB is: {pub_result.metadata['time_estimation_sec']}"
)
print(
    f"The QPU time that this time estimation job took is (here it is 0 because we used fake_fez): {pub_result.metadata['total_qpu_time']}"
)
print(
    f"Gates fidelity measured during the experiment: {pub_result.metadata['gate_fidelities']}"
)
print(f"Total shots: {pub_result.metadata['total_shots']}")
print(f"Resource usage breakdown: {pub_result.metadata['resource_usage']}")

empirical_estimation_mitigation_results = time_estimate_result[0].metadata[
    "empirical_estimation_mitigation_results"
][0]  # a list per parameter

print("Partial results for the observables:")

print(
    f"    Mitigated expectation values: {empirical_estimation_mitigation_results.data.evs}"
)
print(
    f"    Mitigated error bars: {empirical_estimation_mitigation_results.data.stds}"
)
print(
    f"    Number of shots used for mitigation: {empirical_estimation_mitigation_results.metadata['mitigation_shots']}"
)
transpiled_circ = empirical_estimation_mitigation_results.metadata[
    "transpiled_circ"
]
print(f"    Qubit mapping: {transpiled_circ['qubit_maps']}")
print(
    f"    Number of measurement bases: {transpiled_circ['num_measurement_bases']}\n"
)

# results per obs
emp_obs_results = empirical_estimation_mitigation_results.metadata["results"][
    0
]
# print(f"Results for each observable: {results}")
print("Results for each observable:")

for i, (obs_array, result_dict) in enumerate(emp_obs_results):
    # obs_array, result_dict = results
    print(f"Observable {i+1}: {obs_array}")
    print(
        f"    QESEM mitigated value: {result_dict['qesem']['value']} \u00b1 {result_dict['qesem']['error_bar']}"
    )

sample_job = qesem_function.run(
    pubs=[(circ, [avg_magnetization, other_observable])],
    backend_name=backend_name,  # example: "ibm_fez"
    # options = {
    #     "estimate_time_only": "empirical",
    #     "default_precision": 0.2,  # Default precision is applied to all pubs that don't have a precision specified, see API reference for more details
    #     "max_execution_time": 3600,  # You can specify a maximum QPU time in seconds, see API reference for more details
    #     "transpilation_level": "standard",  # "minimal_with_layout_opt" for minimal transpilation, see API reference for more details
    #     "parallel_execution": True,  # True for parallel execution, see API reference for more details
    # },
)

# Print the ID so you can use it later, if necessary
print(sample_job.job_id)
print(sample_job.status())
sample_result = sample_job.result()

for pub_idx, pub_result in enumerate(
    sample_result
):  # each element in the list is a result for a different pub, here we sent only one pub
    print(f"\nPUB {pub_idx}:")
    print(
        f"  The QPU time that this job took is (here it is 0 because we used fake_fez): {pub_result.metadata['total_qpu_time']}"
    )
    print(
        f"  Gates fidelity measured during the experiment: {pub_result.metadata['gate_fidelities']}"
    )
    print(f"  Total shots: {pub_result.metadata['total_shots']}")
    print(
        f"  Number of shots used for mitigation: {pub_result.metadata['mitigation_shots']}"
    )
    print(
        f"  Resource usage breakdown: {pub_result.metadata['resource_usage']}"
    )

print("Full QESEM mitigation results:")

for pub_idx, pub_result in enumerate(sample_result):
    print(f"\nPUB {pub_idx}:")

    print(f"  Mitigated expectation values: {pub_result.data.evs}")
    print(f"  Mitigated error bars: {pub_result.data.stds}")
    noisy_results = pub_result.metadata.get("noisy_results")
    print(f"  Unmitigated expectation values: {noisy_results.evs}")
    print(f"  Unmitigated error bars: {noisy_results.stds}")

    print("  Transpiled circuits:")
    for circ_idx, transpiled_circ in enumerate(
        pub_result.metadata["transpiled_circs"]
    ):
        print(f"    Circuit {circ_idx}:")
        # print(f"      Circuit: \n {transpiled_circ['circuit']}") # not printing it because it's long but you can see the transpiled circuit itself
        print(f"      Qubit mapping: {transpiled_circ['qubit_maps']}")
        print(
            f"      Measurement bases: {transpiled_circ['num_measurement_bases']}"
        )

    print("  Results for each observable:")
    for circ_idx, circ_results in enumerate(pub_result.metadata["results"]):
        print(f"    Circuit {circ_idx}:")
        for obs_idx, (obs_array, result_dict) in enumerate(circ_results):
            print(f"      Observable {obs_idx}: {obs_array}")
            print(
                f"        QESEM mitigated value: {result_dict['qesem']['value']} ± {result_dict['qesem']['error_bar']}"
            )
            print(
                f"        Unmitigated value: {result_dict['unmitigated']['value']} ± {result_dict['unmitigated']['error_bar']}"
            )

print("QESEM heuristic results:")

for pub_idx, pub_result in enumerate(sample_result):
    print(f"\nPUB {pub_idx}:")
    for circ_idx, circ_results in enumerate(pub_result.metadata["results"]):
        print(f"  Circuit {circ_idx}:")
        for obs_idx, (obs_array, result_dict) in enumerate(circ_results):
            print(f"    Observable {obs_idx}: {obs_array}")
            qesem_heuristic = result_dict["qesem_heuristic"][0]
            print("      QESEM heuristic:")
            print(
                f"        Value: {qesem_heuristic['value']} ± {qesem_heuristic['error_bar']}"
            )
            print(
                f"        Extrapolation: {qesem_heuristic['extrapolation']}"
            )
            print(
                f"        Scale factors: {qesem_heuristic['scale_factors']}"
            )
            noise_scaling = result_dict["noise_scaling"]
            print("      Noise scaling results:")
            print(
                f"        Scaling method: {noise_scaling['scaling_method']}"
            )
            print("        Results with Readout mitigation (REM):")
            for rem_result in sorted(
                (
                    item
                    for item in noise_scaling["results_with_REM"]
                    if item["scale"] != 0.0
                ),
                key=lambda item: item["scale"],
            ):
                print(
                    f"          Scale factor {rem_result['scale']}: {rem_result['value']} ± {rem_result['error_bar']}"
                )

# Transpile to the backend basis gates only. With minimal_with_layout_opt, QESEM handles hardware mapping/connectivity and observable layout internally.
from qiskit_ibm_runtime.fake_provider import FakeFez

backend = FakeFez()
basis = backend.operation_names
print(basis)

param0 = qiskit.circuit.Parameter("param0")
param1 = qiskit.circuit.Parameter("param1")
parametrized_circ = qiskit.QuantumCircuit(5)
parametrized_circ.rx(param0, 0)
parametrized_circ.rx(param1, 1)
parametrized_circ.cx(0, 1)
parametrized_circ.cx(2, 3)
parametrized_circ.cx(1, 2)
parametrized_circ.cx(3, 4)

parametrized_circ = qiskit.transpile(
    parametrized_circ, basis_gates=basis, optimization_level=1
)
parametrized_parameter_values = [[0.5, 0.1], [0.0, 0.6]]
parametrized_observables = [avg_magnetization, other_observable]

parametrized_job = qesem_function.run(
    pubs=[
        (
            parametrized_circ,
            parametrized_observables,
            parametrized_parameter_values,
            0.1,
        )
    ],
    backend_name=backend_name,
    options={
        "max_execution_time": 300,
        "transpilation_level": "minimal_with_layout_opt",
    },
)

print(parametrized_job.job_id)
print(parametrized_job.status())

parametrized_result = parametrized_job.result()

print("Parameterized circuit QESEM results:")

for pub_idx, pub_result in enumerate(parametrized_result):
    print(f"\nPUB {pub_idx}:")
    print(f"  Mitigated expectation values: {pub_result.data.evs}")
    print(f"  Mitigated error bars: {pub_result.data.stds}")
    noisy_results = pub_result.metadata["noisy_results"]
    print(f"  Unmitigated expectation values: {noisy_results.evs}")
    print(f"  Unmitigated error bars: {noisy_results.stds}")
    print("  Results for each parameter value:")
    for param_idx, param_results in enumerate(pub_result.metadata["results"]):
        print(
            f"    Parameter set {param_idx}: {parametrized_parameter_values[param_idx]}"
        )
        for obs_idx, (obs_array, result_dict) in enumerate(param_results):
            print(f"      Observable {obs_idx}: {obs_array}")
            print(
                f"        QESEM mitigated value: {result_dict['qesem']['value']} ± {result_dict['qesem']['error_bar']}"
            )
            print(
                f"        Unmitigated value: {result_dict['unmitigated']['value']} ± {result_dict['unmitigated']['error_bar']}"
            )

def make_trotter_circuit(num_qubits, num_layers, zz_angle=0.2, x_angle=0.1):
    trotter_circ = qiskit.QuantumCircuit(num_qubits)
    for _ in range(num_layers):
        for q in range(num_qubits):
            trotter_circ.rx(x_angle, q)
        trotter_circ.barrier()
        for q in range(0, num_qubits - 1, 2):
            trotter_circ.rzz(zz_angle, q, q + 1)
        trotter_circ.barrier()
        for q in range(1, num_qubits - 1, 2):
            trotter_circ.rzz(zz_angle, q, q + 1)
        trotter_circ.barrier()
    return trotter_circ


circ_a = make_trotter_circuit(num_qubits=5, num_layers=1)
circ_b = make_trotter_circuit(num_qubits=5, num_layers=2)

multi_pubs = [
    (
        qiskit.transpile(qci, basis_gates=basis, optimization_level=1),
        [avg_magnetization, other_observable],
    )
    for qci in [circ_a, circ_b]
]

multi_circ_job = qesem_function.run(
    pubs=multi_pubs,
    backend_name=backend_name,
    options={
        "max_execution_time": 300,
        "transpilation_level": "minimal_with_layout_opt",
        "default_precision": 0.1,
    },
)

print(multi_circ_job.job_id)
print(multi_circ_job.status())

multi_circ_result = multi_circ_job.result()

print("Multi-pub QESEM results:")

for pub_idx, pub_result in enumerate(multi_circ_result):
    print(f"\nPUB {pub_idx}:")
    print(f"  Mitigated expectation values: {pub_result.data.evs}")
    print(f"  Mitigated error bars: {pub_result.data.stds}")
    noisy_results = pub_result.metadata["noisy_results"]
    print(f"  Unmitigated expectation values: {noisy_results.evs}")
    print(f"  Unmitigated error bars: {noisy_results.stds}")
    print("  Results for each observable:")
    for circ_idx, circ_results in enumerate(pub_result.metadata["results"]):
        print(f"    Circuit {circ_idx}:")
        for obs_idx, (obs_array, result_dict) in enumerate(circ_results):
            print(f"      Observable {obs_idx}: {obs_array}")
            print(
                f"        QESEM mitigated value: {result_dict['qesem']['value']} ± {result_dict['qesem']['error_bar']}"
            )
            print(
                f"        Unmitigated value: {result_dict['unmitigated']['value']} ± {result_dict['unmitigated']['error_bar']}"
            )

noise_scale_precision = {0.5: 0.15, 1.3: 0.2}

qet_job = qesem_function.run(
    pubs=[
        (
            circ,
            [avg_magnetization, other_observable],
            None,
            noise_scale_precision,
        )
    ],
    backend_name=backend_name,
    options={"max_execution_time": 300},
)

print(qet_job.job_id)
print(qet_job.status())

qet_result = qet_job.result()

print("QET noise-scaling results:")

for pub_idx, pub_result in enumerate(qet_result):
    print(f"\nPUB {pub_idx}:")
    noisy_results = pub_result.metadata["noisy_results"]
    print(f"  Unmitigated expectation values: {noisy_results.evs}")
    print(f"  Unmitigated error bars: {noisy_results.stds}")
    print("  Results for each observable:")
    for circ_idx, circ_results in enumerate(pub_result.metadata["results"]):
        print(f"    Circuit {circ_idx}:")
        for obs_idx, (obs_array, result_dict) in enumerate(circ_results):
            print(f"      Observable {obs_idx}: {obs_array}")
            noise_scaling = result_dict["noise_scaling"]
            print(
                f"        Scaling method: {noise_scaling['scaling_method']}"
            )
            print("        Results with Readout mitigation (REM):")
            for rem_result in sorted(
                (
                    item
                    for item in noise_scaling["results_with_REM"]
                    if item["scale"] != 0.0
                ),
                key=lambda item: item["scale"],
            ):
                print(
                    f"          Scale factor {rem_result['scale']}: {rem_result['value']} ± {rem_result['error_bar']}"
                )

# Get the result and truncate for readability
result = sample_job.result()
result_str = str(result)
max_length = 500  # Adjust this value as necessary

if len(result_str) > max_length:
    truncated = (
        result_str[:max_length]
        + f"... (truncated {len(result_str) - max_length} characters)"
    )
else:
    truncated = result_str

print(truncated)