Q-CTRL의 퀀텀 제어 시스템( Qiskit Functions )을 활용한 양자 위상 추정

from qiskit import QuantumCircuit

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import qiskit
from qiskit import qasm2
from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator
from qiskit_ibm_runtime import QiskitRuntimeService
from qiskit_ibm_runtime import SamplerV2 as Sampler
from qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers import generate_preset_pass_manager
import qctrlvisualizer as qv
from qiskit_ibm_catalog import QiskitFunctionsCatalog

plt.style.use(qv.get_qctrl_style())

catalog = QiskitFunctionsCatalog(channel="ibm_quantum_platform")

# Access Function
perf_mgmt = catalog.load("q-ctrl/performance-management")

def inverse_quantum_fourier_transform(quantum_circuit, number_of_qubits):
    """
    Apply an inverse Quantum Fourier Transform the first `number_of_qubits` qubits in the
    `quantum_circuit`.
    """
    for qubit in range(number_of_qubits // 2):
        quantum_circuit.swap(qubit, number_of_qubits - qubit - 1)
    for j in range(number_of_qubits):
        for m in range(j):
            quantum_circuit.cp(-np.pi / float(2 ** (j - m)), m, j)
        quantum_circuit.h(j)
    return quantum_circuit

def bitstring_count_to_probabilities(data, shot_count):
    """
    This function turns an unsorted dictionary of bitstring counts into a sorted dictionary
    of probabilities.
    """
    # Turn the bitstring counts into probabilities.
    probabilities = {
        bitstring: bitstring_count / shot_count
        for bitstring, bitstring_count in data.items()
    }

    sorted_probabilities = dict(
        sorted(probabilities.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
    )

    return sorted_probabilities

def quantum_phase_estimation_benchmark_circuit(
    number_of_counting_qubits, phase
):
    """
    Create the circuit for quantum phase estimation.

    Parameters
    ----------
    number_of_counting_qubits : The number of qubits in the circuit.
    phase : The desired phase.

    Returns
    -------
    QuantumCircuit
        The quantum phase estimation circuit for `number_of_counting_qubits` qubits.
    """
    qc = QuantumCircuit(
        number_of_counting_qubits + 1, number_of_counting_qubits
    )
    target = number_of_counting_qubits

    # |1> eigenstate for the single-qubit phase gate
    qc.x(target)

    # Hadamards on counting register
    for q in range(number_of_counting_qubits):
        qc.h(q)

    # ONE controlled phase per counting qubit: cp(phase * 2**k)
    for k in range(number_of_counting_qubits):
        qc.cp(phase * (1 << k), k, target)

    qc.barrier()

    # Inverse QFT on counting register
    inverse_quantum_fourier_transform(qc, number_of_counting_qubits)

    qc.barrier()
    for q in range(number_of_counting_qubits):
        qc.measure(q, q)
    return qc

shot_count = 10000
num_qubits = 35
phase = (1 / 6) * 2 * np.pi
circuits_quantum_phase_estimation = (
    quantum_phase_estimation_benchmark_circuit(
        number_of_counting_qubits=num_qubits, phase=phase
    )
)

# Run the algorithm on the IBM Aer simulator.
aer_simulator = AerSimulator(method="matrix_product_state")

# Transpile the circuits for the simulator.
transpiled_circuits = qiskit.transpile(
    circuits_quantum_phase_estimation, aer_simulator
)

simulated_result = (
    aer_simulator.run(transpiled_circuits, shots=shot_count)
    .result()
    .get_counts()
)

simulated_result_probabilities = []

simulated_result_probabilities.append(
    bitstring_count_to_probabilities(
        simulated_result,
        shot_count=shot_count,
    )
)

service = QiskitRuntimeService()
backend = service.least_busy(operational=True, simulator=False)

pm = generate_preset_pass_manager(backend=backend, optimization_level=3)
isa_circuits = pm.run(circuits_quantum_phase_estimation)

# Run the algorithm with IBM default.
sampler = Sampler(backend)

# Run all circuits using IBM Quantum Compute Service.
ibm_default_job = sampler.run([isa_circuits], shots=shot_count)

# Run the circuit using Sampler
fire_opal_job = perf_mgmt.run(
    primitive="sampler",
    pubs=[qasm2.dumps(circuits_quantum_phase_estimation)],
    backend_name=backend.name,
    options={"default_shots": shot_count},
)

# Retrieve results.
ibm_default_result = ibm_default_job.result()
ibm_default_probabilities = []

for idx, pub_result in enumerate(ibm_default_result):
    ibm_default_probabilities.append(
        bitstring_count_to_probabilities(
            pub_result.data.c0.get_counts(),
            shot_count=shot_count,
        )
    )

fire_opal_result = fire_opal_job.result()

fire_opal_probabilities = []
for idx, pub_result in enumerate(fire_opal_result):
    fire_opal_probabilities.append(
        bitstring_count_to_probabilities(
            pub_result.data.c0.get_counts(),
            shot_count=shot_count,
        )
    )

data = {
    "simulation": simulated_result_probabilities,
    "default": ibm_default_probabilities,
    "fire_opal": fire_opal_probabilities,
}

def plot_distributions(
    data,
    number_of_counting_qubits,
    top_k=None,
    by="prob",
    shot_count=None,
):
    def nrm(d):
        s = sum(d.values())
        return {k: (v / s if s else 0.0) for k, v in d.items()}

    def as_float(d):
        return {k: float(v) for k, v in d.items()}

    def to_space(d):
        if by == "prob":
            return nrm(as_float(d))
        else:
            if shot_count and 0.99 <= sum(d.values()) <= 1.01:
                return {
                    k: v * float(shot_count) for k, v in as_float(d).items()
                }
            else:
                return as_float(d)

    def topk(d, k):
        items = sorted(d.items(), key=lambda kv: kv[1], reverse=True)
        return items[: (k or len(d))]

    phase = "1/6"

    sim = to_space(data["simulation"])
    dft = to_space(data["default"])
    qct = to_space(data["fire_opal"])

    correct = max(sim, key=sim.get) if sim else None
    print("Correct result:", correct)

    sim_items = topk(sim, top_k)
    dft_items = topk(dft, top_k)
    qct_items = topk(qct, top_k)

    sim_keys, y_sim = zip(*sim_items) if sim_items else ([], [])
    dft_keys, y_dft = zip(*dft_items) if dft_items else ([], [])
    qct_keys, y_qct = zip(*qct_items) if qct_items else ([], [])

    fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 1, layout="constrained")
    ylab = "Probabilities"

    def panel(ax, keys, ys, title, color):
        x = np.arange(len(keys))
        bars = ax.bar(x, ys, color=color)
        ax.set_title(title)
        ax.set_ylabel(ylab)
        ax.set_xticks(x)
        ax.set_xticklabels(keys, rotation=90)
        ax.set_xlabel("Bitstrings")
        if correct in keys:
            i = keys.index(correct)
            bars[i].set_edgecolor("black")
            bars[i].set_linewidth(2)
        return max(ys, default=0.0)

    c_sim, c_dft, c_qct = (
        qv.QCTRL_STYLE_COLORS[5],
        qv.QCTRL_STYLE_COLORS[1],
        qv.QCTRL_STYLE_COLORS[0],
    )
    m1 = panel(axes[0], list(sim_keys), list(y_sim), "Simulation", c_sim)
    m2 = panel(axes[1], list(dft_keys), list(y_dft), "Default", c_dft)
    m3 = panel(axes[2], list(qct_keys), list(y_qct), "Q-CTRL", c_qct)

    for ax, m in zip(axes, (m1, m2, m3)):
        ax.set_ylim(0, 1.05 * (m or 1.0))

    for ax in axes:
        ax.label_outer()
    fig.suptitle(
        rf"{number_of_counting_qubits} counting qubits, $2\pi\varphi$={phase}"
    )
    fig.set_size_inches(20, 10)
    plt.show()

experiment_index = 0
phase_index = 0

distributions = {
    "simulation": data["simulation"][phase_index],
    "default": data["default"][phase_index],
    "fire_opal": data["fire_opal"][phase_index],
}

plot_distributions(
    distributions, num_qubits, top_k=100, by="prob", shot_count=shot_count
)