化学ハミルトニアンのサンプル・ベースの量子対角化

import math

import ffsim
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pyscf
import pyscf.cc
import pyscf.mcscf
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, QuantumRegister
from qiskit.primitives import StatevectorSampler
from qiskit.providers.fake_provider import GenericBackendV2
from qiskit_ibm_runtime import QiskitRuntimeService
from qiskit_ibm_runtime import SamplerV2 as Sampler

# Specify molecule properties
spin_sq = 0

# Build N2 molecule
mol = pyscf.gto.Mole()
mol.build(
    atom=[["N", (0, 0, 0)], ["N", (1.0, 0, 0)]],
    basis="sto-6g",
    symmetry="Dooh",
)

# Define active space
n_frozen = 2
active_space = range(n_frozen, mol.nao_nr())

# Get molecular integrals
scf = pyscf.scf.RHF(mol).run()
norb = len(active_space)
n_electrons = int(sum(scf.mo_occ[active_space]))
n_alpha = (n_electrons + mol.spin) // 2
n_beta = (n_electrons - mol.spin) // 2
nelec = (n_alpha, n_beta)
cas = pyscf.mcscf.CASCI(scf, norb, nelec)
mo = cas.sort_mo(active_space, base=0)
hcore, nuclear_repulsion_energy = cas.get_h1cas(mo)
eri = pyscf.ao2mo.restore(1, cas.get_h2cas(mo), norb)

# Compute exact energy using FCI
reference_energy = cas.run().e_tot

print(f"norb = {norb}")
print(f"nelec = {nelec}")

# Get CCSD t2 amplitudes for initializing the ansatz
ccsd = pyscf.cc.CCSD(
    scf, frozen=[i for i in range(mol.nao_nr()) if i not in active_space]
).run()
t1 = ccsd.t1
t2 = ccsd.t2

import warnings

from qiskit.transpiler import CouplingMap

warnings.formatwarning = lambda msg, *args, **kwargs: f"Warning: {msg}\n"

# Set ansatz properties
n_reps = 1
pairs_aa = [(p, p + 1) for p in range(norb - 1)]

# Let generate_lucj_pass_manager determine the alpha-beta interactions
pairs_ab = None

# Initialize backend
coupling_map = CouplingMap.from_heavy_hex(3)
backend = GenericBackendV2(
    coupling_map.size(),
    coupling_map=coupling_map,
    basis_gates=["cp", "xx_plus_yy", "p", "x", "swap"],
)

# Create pass manager
pass_manager, pairs_ab = ffsim.qiskit.generate_lucj_pass_manager(
    backend=backend,
    norb=norb,
    connectivity="heavy-hex",
    interaction_pairs=(pairs_aa, pairs_ab),
    optimization_level=3,
)

# Create the LUCJ ansatz operator
ucj_op = ffsim.UCJOpSpinBalanced.from_t_amplitudes(
    t2=t2,
    t1=t1,
    n_reps=n_reps,
    interaction_pairs=(pairs_aa, pairs_ab),
    # Setting optimize=True enables the "compressed" factorization
    optimize=True,
    # Limit the number of optimization iterations to prevent the code cell
    # from running too long. Removing this line may improve results.
    options=dict(maxiter=1000),
)

# create an empty quantum circuit
qubits = QuantumRegister(2 * norb, name="q")
circuit = QuantumCircuit(qubits)

# prepare Hartree-Fock state as the reference state and append it
# to the quantum circuit
circuit.append(ffsim.qiskit.PrepareHartreeFockJW(norb, nelec), qubits)

# apply the UCJ operator to the reference state
circuit.append(ffsim.qiskit.UCJOpSpinBalancedJW(ucj_op), qubits)
circuit.measure_all()

isa_circuit = pass_manager.run(circuit)
print(f"Gate counts: {isa_circuit.count_ops()}")

rng = np.random.default_rng()
sampler = StatevectorSampler(seed=rng)
job = sampler.run([isa_circuit], shots=100_000)

primitive_result = job.result()
pub_result = primitive_result[0]

def is_valid_bitstring(
    bitstring: str, norb: int, nelec: tuple[int, int]
) -> bool:
    n_alpha, n_beta = nelec
    return (
        len(bitstring) == 2 * norb
        and bitstring[norb:].count("1") == n_alpha
        and bitstring[:norb].count("1") == n_beta
    )


bit_array = pub_result.data.meas
num_valid = sum(
    is_valid_bitstring(b, norb, nelec) for b in bit_array.get_bitstrings()
)
valid_fraction = num_valid / bit_array.num_shots
print(f"Fraction of sampled configurations that are valid: {valid_fraction}")

expected_fraction_random = (
    math.comb(norb, n_alpha) * math.comb(norb, n_beta) / 2 ** (2 * norb)
)
print(
    f"Expected fraction of valid configurations from uniformly random bitstrings: "
    f"{expected_fraction_random}"
)

from functools import partial

from qiskit_addon_sqd.fermion import (
    SCIResult,
    diagonalize_fermionic_hamiltonian,
    solve_sci_batch,
)

# SQD options
energy_tol = 1e-3
occupancies_tol = 1e-3
max_iterations = 5

# Eigenstate solver options
num_batches = 3
samples_per_batch = 300
symmetrize_spin = True
carryover_threshold = 1e-4
max_cycle = 200

# Use the Hartree-Fock configuration as an initial guess for the orbital occupancies
initial_occupancies = (
    np.array([1] * n_alpha + [0] * (norb - n_alpha)),
    np.array([1] * n_beta + [0] * (norb - n_beta)),
)

# Pass options to the built-in eigensolver. If you just want to use the defaults,
# you can omit this step, in which case you would not specify the sci_solver argument
# in the call to diagonalize_fermionic_hamiltonian below.
sci_solver = partial(solve_sci_batch, spin_sq=0.0, max_cycle=max_cycle)

# List to capture intermediate results
result_history = []


def callback(results: list[SCIResult]):
    result_history.append(results)
    iteration = len(result_history)
    print(f"Iteration {iteration}")
    for i, result in enumerate(results):
        print(f"\tSubsample {i}")
        print(f"\t\tEnergy: {result.energy + nuclear_repulsion_energy}")
        print(
            f"\t\tSubspace dimension: {np.prod(result.sci_state.amplitudes.shape)}"
        )


result = diagonalize_fermionic_hamiltonian(
    hcore,
    eri,
    bit_array,
    samples_per_batch=samples_per_batch,
    norb=norb,
    nelec=nelec,
    num_batches=num_batches,
    energy_tol=energy_tol,
    occupancies_tol=occupancies_tol,
    max_iterations=max_iterations,
    sci_solver=sci_solver,
    symmetrize_spin=symmetrize_spin,
    initial_occupancies=initial_occupancies,
    carryover_threshold=carryover_threshold,
    callback=callback,
    seed=rng,
)

final_energy = result.energy + nuclear_repulsion_energy
energy_error = final_energy - reference_energy
print(f"Final energy: {final_energy}")
print(f"Final energy error: {energy_error}")

# Data for energies plot
x1 = range(len(result_history))
min_e = [
    min(result, key=lambda res: res.energy).energy + nuclear_repulsion_energy
    for result in result_history
]
e_diff = [abs(e - reference_energy) for e in min_e]
yt1 = [1.0, 1e-1, 1e-2, 1e-3, 1e-4]

# Chemical accuracy (+/- 1 milli-Hartree)
chem_accuracy = 0.001

# Data for avg spatial orbital occupancy
y2 = np.sum(result.orbital_occupancies, axis=0)
x2 = range(len(y2))

fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6))

# Plot energies
axs[0].plot(x1, e_diff, label="energy error", marker="o")
axs[0].set_xticks(x1)
axs[0].set_xticklabels(x1)
axs[0].set_yticks(yt1)
axs[0].set_yticklabels(yt1)
axs[0].set_yscale("log")
axs[0].set_ylim(1e-4)
axs[0].axhline(
    y=chem_accuracy,
    color="#BF5700",
    linestyle="--",
    label="chemical accuracy",
)
axs[0].set_title("Approximated Ground State Energy Error vs SQD Iterations")
axs[0].set_xlabel("Iteration Index", fontdict={"fontsize": 12})
axs[0].set_ylabel("Energy Error (Ha)", fontdict={"fontsize": 12})
axs[0].legend()

# Plot orbital occupancy
axs[1].bar(x2, y2, width=0.8)
axs[1].set_xticks(x2)
axs[1].set_xticklabels(x2)
axs[1].set_title("Avg Occupancy per Spatial Orbital")
axs[1].set_xlabel("Orbital Index", fontdict={"fontsize": 12})
axs[1].set_ylabel("Avg Occupancy", fontdict={"fontsize": 12})

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# ------------------------------ Step 1 ------------------------------
# Build N2 molecule
mol = pyscf.gto.Mole()
mol.build(
    atom=[["N", (0, 0, 0)], ["N", (1.0, 0, 0)]],
    basis="cc-pvdz",
    symmetry="Dooh",
)

# Define active space
n_frozen = 2
active_space = range(n_frozen, mol.nao_nr())

# Get molecular integrals
scf = pyscf.scf.RHF(mol).run()
norb = len(active_space)
n_electrons = int(sum(scf.mo_occ[active_space]))
n_alpha = (n_electrons + mol.spin) // 2
n_beta = (n_electrons - mol.spin) // 2
nelec = (n_alpha, n_beta)
cas = pyscf.mcscf.CASCI(scf, norb, nelec)
mo = cas.sort_mo(active_space, base=0)
hcore, nuclear_repulsion_energy = cas.get_h1cas(mo)
eri = pyscf.ao2mo.restore(1, cas.get_h2cas(mo), norb)

# Store reference energy from SCI calculation performed separately
reference_energy = -109.22802921665716

print(f"norb = {norb}")
print(f"nelec = {nelec}")

# Get CCSD t2 amplitudes for initializing the ansatz
ccsd = pyscf.cc.CCSD(
    scf, frozen=[i for i in range(mol.nao_nr()) if i not in active_space]
).run()
t1 = ccsd.t1
t2 = ccsd.t2

# Set ansatz properties
n_reps = 1
pairs_aa = [(p, p + 1) for p in range(norb - 1)]

# Let generate_lucj_pass_manager determine the alpha-beta interactions
pairs_ab = None

# Initialize backend
service = QiskitRuntimeService()
backend = service.least_busy(
    operational=True, simulator=False, min_num_qubits=133
)
print(f"Using backend {backend.name}")

# Create pass manager
pass_manager, pairs_ab = ffsim.qiskit.generate_lucj_pass_manager(
    backend=backend,
    norb=norb,
    connectivity="heavy-hex",
    interaction_pairs=(pairs_aa, pairs_ab),
    optimization_level=3,
)

# Create the LUCJ ansatz operator
ucj_op = ffsim.UCJOpSpinBalanced.from_t_amplitudes(
    t2=t2,
    t1=t1,
    n_reps=n_reps,
    interaction_pairs=(pairs_aa, pairs_ab),
    # Setting optimize=True enables the "compressed" factorization
    optimize=True,
    # Limit the number of optimization iterations to prevent the code cell
    # from running too long. Removing this line may improve results.
    options=dict(maxiter=1000),
)

# create an empty quantum circuit
qubits = QuantumRegister(2 * norb, name="q")
circuit = QuantumCircuit(qubits)

# prepare Hartree-Fock state as the reference state and append it
# to the quantum circuit
circuit.append(ffsim.qiskit.PrepareHartreeFockJW(norb, nelec), qubits)

# apply the UCJ operator to the reference state
circuit.append(ffsim.qiskit.UCJOpSpinBalancedJW(ucj_op), qubits)
circuit.measure_all()


# ------------------------------ Step 2 ------------------------------

isa_circuit = pass_manager.run(circuit)
print(f"Gate counts: {isa_circuit.count_ops()}")


# ------------------------------ Step 3 ------------------------------
sampler = Sampler(mode=backend)
sampler.options.environment.job_tags = ["TUT_SQD"]
job = sampler.run([isa_circuit], shots=100_000)
primitive_result = job.result()
pub_result = primitive_result[0]


# ------------------------------ Step 4 ------------------------------

bit_array = pub_result.data.meas
num_valid = sum(
    is_valid_bitstring(b, norb, nelec) for b in bit_array.get_bitstrings()
)
valid_fraction = num_valid / bit_array.num_shots
print(f"Fraction of sampled configurations that are valid: {valid_fraction}")
expected_fraction_random = (
    math.comb(norb, n_alpha) * math.comb(norb, n_beta) / 2 ** (2 * norb)
)
print(
    f"Expected fraction of valid configurations from uniformly random bitstrings: "
    f"{expected_fraction_random}"
)
# SQD options
energy_tol = 1e-3
occupancies_tol = 1e-3
max_iterations = 5

# Eigenstate solver options
num_batches = 3
samples_per_batch = 300
symmetrize_spin = True
carryover_threshold = 1e-4
max_cycle = 200

# Use the Hartree-Fock configuration as an initial guess for the
# orbital occupancies
initial_occupancies = (
    np.array([1] * n_alpha + [0] * (norb - n_alpha)),
    np.array([1] * n_beta + [0] * (norb - n_beta)),
)

# Pass options to the built-in eigensolver. If you just want to use the defaults,
# you can omit this step, in which case you would not specify the
# sci_solver argument in the call to diagonalize_fermionic_hamiltonian below.
sci_solver = partial(solve_sci_batch, spin_sq=0.0, max_cycle=max_cycle)

# List to capture intermediate results
result_history = []


result = diagonalize_fermionic_hamiltonian(
    hcore,
    eri,
    bit_array,
    samples_per_batch=samples_per_batch,
    norb=norb,
    nelec=nelec,
    num_batches=num_batches,
    energy_tol=energy_tol,
    occupancies_tol=occupancies_tol,
    max_iterations=max_iterations,
    sci_solver=sci_solver,
    symmetrize_spin=symmetrize_spin,
    initial_occupancies=initial_occupancies,
    carryover_threshold=carryover_threshold,
    callback=callback,
    seed=rng,
)

final_energy = result.energy + nuclear_repulsion_energy
energy_error = final_energy - reference_energy
print(f"Final energy: {final_energy}")
print(f"Final energy error: {energy_error}")

# Data for energies plot
x1 = range(len(result_history))
min_e = [
    min(result, key=lambda res: res.energy).energy + nuclear_repulsion_energy
    for result in result_history
]
e_diff = [abs(e - reference_energy) for e in min_e]
yt1 = [1.0, 1e-1, 1e-2, 1e-3, 1e-4]

# Chemical accuracy (+/- 1 milli-Hartree)
chem_accuracy = 0.001

# Data for avg spatial orbital occupancy
y2 = np.sum(result.orbital_occupancies, axis=0)
x2 = range(len(y2))

fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6))

# Plot energies
axs[0].plot(x1, e_diff, label="energy error", marker="o")
axs[0].set_xticks(x1)
axs[0].set_xticklabels(x1)
axs[0].set_yticks(yt1)
axs[0].set_yticklabels(yt1)
axs[0].set_yscale("log")
axs[0].set_ylim(1e-4)
axs[0].axhline(
    y=chem_accuracy,
    color="#BF5700",
    linestyle="--",
    label="chemical accuracy",
)
axs[0].set_title("Approximated Ground State Energy Error vs SQD Iterations")
axs[0].set_xlabel("Iteration Index", fontdict={"fontsize": 12})
axs[0].set_ylabel("Energy Error (Ha)", fontdict={"fontsize": 12})
axs[0].legend()

# Plot orbital occupancy
axs[1].bar(x2, y2, width=0.8)
axs[1].set_xticks(x2)
axs[1].set_xticklabels(x2)
axs[1].set_title("Avg Occupancy per Spatial Orbital")
axs[1].set_xlabel("Orbital Index", fontdict={"fontsize": 12})
axs[1].set_ylabel("Avg Occupancy", fontdict={"fontsize": 12})

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()