SqDRIFT 基底状態推定のためのアルゴリズム

# Third-party scientific computing
import numpy as np

# PySCF
from pyscf import tools, ao2mo, fci

# Qiskit core
from qiskit import transpile
from qiskit.primitives import BitArray

# Qiskit Aer
from qiskit_aer import AerSimulator

# IBM Quantum Compute Service
from qiskit_ibm_runtime import QiskitRuntimeService, SamplerV2 as Sampler

# Qiskit Fermions
from qiskit_fermions.operators.library import FCIDump
from qiskit_fermions.operators import FermionOperator
from qiskit_fermions.operators.terms.filtering import filter_diagonal_terms
from qiskit_fermions.operators.terms.grouping import (
    group_terms_by_electronic_structure,
)
from qiskit_fermions.operators.terms.ordering import canonical_order
from qiskit_fermions.circuit import FermionicCircuit
from qiskit_fermions.circuit.library import Evolution
from qiskit_fermions.transpiler import FermionicPassManager
from qiskit_fermions.transpiler.presets import generate_preset_jw_pass_manager
from qiskit_fermions.transpiler.passes import QDriftTrotterization
from qiskit_fermions.circuit.library import InitializeModes

# Qiskit addon SQD
from qiskit_addon_sqd.fermion import (
    diagonalize_fermionic_hamiltonian,
    SCIResult,
)

from pyscf import gto, scf, tools

mol = gto.M(atom="N 0 0 0; N 0 0 1.09", basis="sto-3g", symmetry=False)
mf = scf.RHF(mol).run()
tools.fcidump.from_scf(mf, "N2_sto_3g")

import os
from urllib.request import urlopen

# The FCIDump is stored with this tutorial in the Qiskit documentation repository.
FCIDUMP_URL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Qiskit/documentation/main/docs/tutorials/assets/sqdrift/fcidump_files/N2_sto_3g"
FCIDUMP_PATH = "assets/sqdrift/fcidump_files/N2_sto_3g"

if not os.path.exists(FCIDUMP_PATH):
    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(FCIDUMP_PATH), exist_ok=True)
    with urlopen(FCIDUMP_URL) as response:
        contents = response.read()
    with open(FCIDUMP_PATH, "wb") as f:
        f.write(contents)
    print(f"Downloaded FCIDump to {FCIDUMP_PATH}")
else:
    print(f"Using existing FCIDump at {FCIDUMP_PATH}")

name = "assets/sqdrift/fcidump_files/N2_sto_3g"

fcidump = tools.fcidump.read(name)

# Extract metadata from the FCIDump header
norb = fcidump["NORB"]  # number of spatial orbitals
nelec = fcidump["NELEC"]  # total number of electrons
e_nuc = fcidump["ECORE"]  # nuclear repulsion / core energy
ms2 = fcidump["MS2"]  # 2S (spin)

num_elec_a = (nelec + ms2) // 2  # alpha electrons
num_elec_b = (nelec - ms2) // 2  # beta  electrons

# Reconstruct full 4-index ERIs from the FCIDump (stored in 8-fold symmetry)
h1e = fcidump["H1"]  # shape (norb, norb)
h2e = ao2mo.restore(  # shape (norb, norb, norb, norb)
    1, fcidump["H2"], norb
)

cisolver = fci.direct_spin1.FCI()
cisolver.max_cycle = 200
cisolver.conv_tol = 1e-12

e_fci, _ = cisolver.kernel(
    h1e,
    h2e,
    norb,
    (num_elec_a, num_elec_b),
    ecore=e_nuc,  # adds nuclear repulsion to the final energy
)

reference_energy = e_fci

print(f"Reference FCI Energy  = {reference_energy:.10f} Ha")

nuclear_repulsion_energy = fcidump["ECORE"]
print(f"Nuclear Repulsion Energy = {nuclear_repulsion_energy:.10f} Ha")

fcidump = FCIDump.from_file(name)
hamiltonian = FermionOperator.from_fcidump(fcidump)
num_modes = 2 * fcidump.norb

# Apply automatic grouping
canon = canonical_order(hamiltonian.normal_ordered().simplify(atol=1e-16))
exit_code = group_terms_by_electronic_structure(
    canon, num_modes, two_body_physicist_order=False
)
filter_diagonal_terms(canon)

print(len(canon.groups))

# SqDRIFT parameters
times = [1.0, 10.0]  # Total evolution times used for the subspace creation
num_exc = 10  # Number of excitation groups per circuit
num_circuits = 200  # Number of circuits to generate


init_circuits = []

hf_gate = InitializeModes.from_hartree_fock(norb, (num_elec_a, num_elec_b))

for time in times:
    evo_gate = Evolution(num_modes, canon, time)
    circ = FermionicCircuit(num_modes)
    circ.append(hf_gate, circ.modes)
    circ.append(evo_gate, circ.modes)
    init_circuits.append(circ)

qdrift = QDriftTrotterization(num_exc, rng=19)

pm = generate_preset_jw_pass_manager()
pm.optimization = FermionicPassManager([qdrift])

sqdrift_circuits = []
for circ in init_circuits:
    sqdrift_circuits += (pm.run(circ) for _ in range(num_circuits))

for circ in sqdrift_circuits:
    circ.measure_all()

print(len(sqdrift_circuits))

simulator = AerSimulator()
shots = 100

transpiled_circuits = transpile(sqdrift_circuits, simulator)

print(
    f"Executing {len(transpiled_circuits)} circuits with {shots} shots each..."
)

job = simulator.run(transpiled_circuits, shots=shots)
result = job.result()

all_counts = [result.get_counts(i) for i in range(len(transpiled_circuits))]

print(len(all_counts), "length before post processing")

combined_counts = {}
for counts in all_counts:
    for bitstring, count in counts.items():
        combined_counts[bitstring] = combined_counts.get(bitstring, 0) + count

bit_array = BitArray.from_counts(combined_counts)
print(bit_array.num_shots)

print(f"  Alpha electrons: {num_elec_a}")
print(f"  Beta electrons: {num_elec_b}")
print(f"  Number of orbitals: {norb}")
print(f"  Number of spin orbitals (qubits): {2*norb}")
print(f"Integral shapes: h1e={h1e.shape}, h2e={h2e.shape}")

# SQD parameters
samples_per_batch = 300
num_batches = 3
max_iterations = 5

initial_occupancies = (
    np.array([1] * num_elec_a + [0] * (norb - num_elec_a)),  # alpha
    np.array([1] * num_elec_b + [0] * (norb - num_elec_b)),  # beta
)

result_history = []


def callback(results: list[SCIResult]):
    result_history.append(results)
    iteration = len(result_history)
    print(f"Iteration {iteration}")
    for i, result in enumerate(results):
        print(f"\tSubsample {i}")
        print(f"\t\tEnergy: {result.energy + nuclear_repulsion_energy}")
        print(
            f"\t\tSubspace dimension: {np.prod(result.sci_state.amplitudes.shape)}"
        )


# Run SQD with configuration recovery
print("\nRunning SQD with configuration recovery...")
result = diagonalize_fermionic_hamiltonian(
    h1e,
    h2e,
    bit_array,
    samples_per_batch=samples_per_batch,
    norb=norb,
    nelec=(num_elec_a, num_elec_b),
    num_batches=num_batches,
    energy_tol=1e-3,
    occupancies_tol=1e-3,
    max_iterations=max_iterations,
    initial_occupancies=initial_occupancies,
    seed=42,
    callback=callback,
)

computed_energy = result.energy + nuclear_repulsion_energy

print("FINAL SQD RESULTS")
print(f"Orbital occupancies (alpha): {result.orbital_occupancies[0]}")
print(f"Orbital occupancies (beta): {result.orbital_occupancies[1]}")


energy_error = abs(computed_energy - reference_energy)
print(f"Reference Energy: {reference_energy:.10f} Ha")
print(f"Computed Energy:  {computed_energy:.10f} Ha")
print(f"Error:            {energy_error:.10e} Ha")

name = "assets/sqdrift/fcidump_files/N2_sto_3g"

fcidump = tools.fcidump.read(name)

# Extract metadata from the FCIDump header
norb = fcidump["NORB"]  # number of spatial orbitals
nelec = fcidump["NELEC"]  # total number of electrons
e_nuc = fcidump["ECORE"]  # nuclear repulsion / core energy
ms2 = fcidump["MS2"]  # 2S (spin)

num_elec_a = (nelec + ms2) // 2  # alpha electrons
num_elec_b = (nelec - ms2) // 2  # beta  electrons

# Reconstruct full 4-index ERIs from the FCIDump (stored in 8-fold symmetry)
h1e = fcidump["H1"]  # shape (norb, norb)
h2e = ao2mo.restore(  # shape (norb, norb, norb, norb)
    1, fcidump["H2"], norb
)

cisolver = fci.direct_spin1.FCI()
cisolver.max_cycle = 200
cisolver.conv_tol = 1e-12

e_fci, _ = cisolver.kernel(
    h1e,
    h2e,
    norb,
    (num_elec_a, num_elec_b),
    ecore=e_nuc,  # adds nuclear repulsion to the final energy
)

reference_energy = e_fci

print(f"Reference FCI Energy  = {reference_energy:.10f} Ha")

nuclear_repulsion_energy = fcidump["ECORE"]
print(f"Nuclear Repulsion Energy = {nuclear_repulsion_energy:.10f} Ha")

fcidump = FCIDump.from_file(name)
hamiltonian = FermionOperator.from_fcidump(fcidump)
num_modes = 2 * fcidump.norb

# Apply automatic grouping
canon = canonical_order(hamiltonian.normal_ordered().simplify(atol=1e-16))
exit_code = group_terms_by_electronic_structure(
    canon, num_modes, two_body_physicist_order=False
)
filter_diagonal_terms(canon)

print(len(canon.groups))

# SqDRIFT parameters
times = [1.0, 10.0]  # Total evolution times used for the subspace creation
num_exc = 10  # Number of excitation groups per circuit
num_circuits = 200  # Number of circuits to generate

init_circuits = []
hf_gate = InitializeModes.from_hartree_fock(norb, (num_elec_a, num_elec_b))

for time in times:
    evo_gate = Evolution(num_modes, canon, time)
    circ = FermionicCircuit(num_modes)
    circ.append(hf_gate, circ.modes)
    circ.append(evo_gate, circ.modes)
    init_circuits.append(circ)

# Calculate weights for sampling (one per group)
qdrift = QDriftTrotterization(num_exc, rng=19)

pm = generate_preset_jw_pass_manager()
pm.optimization = FermionicPassManager([qdrift])

sqdrift_circuits = []
for circ in init_circuits:
    sqdrift_circuits += (pm.run(circ) for _ in range(num_circuits))

for circ in sqdrift_circuits:
    circ.measure_all()

print(len(sqdrift_circuits))

# This example assumes you have saved your IBM Quantum Platform account locally.
service = QiskitRuntimeService(channel="ibm_quantum_platform")

# Select backend (choose based on qubit requirements)
backend = service.least_busy(
    operational=True,
    simulator=False,
    min_num_qubits=2 * norb,
)

print(f"Selected backend: {backend.name} ({backend.num_qubits} qubits)")

# Transpile for hardware
transpiled_circuits = transpile(
    sqdrift_circuits,
    backend=backend,
    optimization_level=3,
    seed_transpiler=42,
)

shots = 100

sampler = Sampler(mode=backend)

sampler.options.environment.job_tags = ["TUT-SqDRIFT"]

job = sampler.run(transpiled_circuits, shots=shots)
result = job.result()

# Extract counts from SamplerV2 results
all_counts = [pub_result.data.meas.get_counts() for pub_result in result]

# Set to True to filter out bitstrings that violate electron-number conservation
PRUNE = False


def is_valid_bitstring(
    bitstring: str, norb: int, nelec: tuple[int, int]
) -> bool:
    n_alpha, n_beta = nelec
    return (
        len(bitstring) == 2 * norb
        and bitstring[norb:].count("1") == n_alpha
        and bitstring[:norb].count("1") == n_beta
    )


if PRUNE:
    all_counts_filtered = []
    for counts in all_counts:
        filtered_count = {}
        for key in counts:
            if not is_valid_bitstring(key, norb, (num_elec_a, num_elec_b)):
                continue
            elif key not in filtered_count.keys():
                filtered_count[key] = counts[key]
            else:
                filtered_count[key] += counts[key]
        all_counts_filtered.append(filtered_count)
    all_counts = all_counts_filtered

combined_counts = {}
for counts in all_counts:
    for bitstring, count in counts.items():
        combined_counts[bitstring] = combined_counts.get(bitstring, 0) + count

bit_array = BitArray.from_counts(combined_counts)
print(bit_array.num_shots)

print("Electron configuration:")
print(f"  Total electrons: {nelec}")
print(f"  Alpha electrons: {num_elec_a}")
print(f"  Beta electrons: {num_elec_b}")
print(f"  Number of orbitals: {norb}")
print(f"  Number of spin orbitals (qubits): {2*norb}")
print(f"Integral shapes: h1e={h1e.shape}, h2e={h2e.shape}")

# SQD parameters
samples_per_batch = 300
num_batches = 3
max_iterations = 5

initial_occupancies = (
    np.array([1] * num_elec_a + [0] * (norb - num_elec_a)),  # alpha
    np.array([1] * num_elec_b + [0] * (norb - num_elec_b)),  # beta
)

result_history = []


def callback(results: list[SCIResult]):
    result_history.append(results)
    iteration = len(result_history)
    print(f"Iteration {iteration}")
    for i, result in enumerate(results):
        print(f"\tSubsample {i}")
        print(f"\t\tEnergy: {result.energy + nuclear_repulsion_energy}")
        print(
            f"\t\tSubspace dimension: {np.prod(result.sci_state.amplitudes.shape)}"
        )


# Run SQD with configuration recovery
print("\nRunning SQD with configuration recovery...")
result = diagonalize_fermionic_hamiltonian(
    h1e,
    h2e,
    bit_array,
    samples_per_batch=samples_per_batch,
    norb=norb,
    nelec=(num_elec_a, num_elec_b),
    num_batches=num_batches,
    energy_tol=1e-3,
    occupancies_tol=1e-3,
    max_iterations=max_iterations,
    initial_occupancies=initial_occupancies,
    seed=42,
    callback=callback,
)

computed_energy = result.energy + nuclear_repulsion_energy

print("FINAL SQD RESULTS")
print(f"Orbital occupancies (alpha): {result.orbital_occupancies[0]}")
print(f"Orbital occupancies (beta): {result.orbital_occupancies[1]}")


energy_error = abs(computed_energy - reference_energy)
print(f"Reference Energy: {reference_energy:.10f} Ha")
print(f"Computed Energy:  {computed_energy:.10f} Ha")
print(f"Error:            {energy_error:.10e} Ha")